Whether prophylactic administration of nafamostat helps to reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) or hyperamylasemia remains controversial. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic nafamostat on PEP and post-ERCP hyperamylasemia. Methods: We searched published papers in databases including Medline, Web of Science, Embase, selleck compound Cochrane controlled trails register and PubMed on nafamostat in the prevention of PEP and post-ERCP hyperamylasemia. Results: The incidence of PEP was reduced by prophylactic administration of nafamostat (fixed model; risk rate (RR), 0.43; 95% confidence

interval (CI), 0.29–0.62; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%; P = 0.60), and the incidence of moderate to severe PEP also declined (fixed model, RR, 0.36, 95%CI 0.17–0.76, P = 0.007). However, the incidence of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia was not significantly reduced by prophylactic administration of nafamostat (fixed model; RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.76–1.30; P = 0.99; I2 = 21%;

P = 0.29). The result of sensitivity analysis was consistent with the result Torin 1 in vitro of this meta-analysis. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed according to the different criteria including dose (RR 0.38 95%CI 0.23–0.63, P = 0.0002 for 20 mg on PEP vs. RR 0.45, 95%CI 0.27–0.74, P = 0.002 for 50 mg on PEP) and different patient populations (RR 0.28, 95%CI 0.16–0.50,

P < 0.0001 for PEP in low-risk patients vs. RR 0.55, 95%CI 0.31–0.97, P = 0.04 for PEP in high-risk patients). Conclusion: The result of this meta-analysis supports the preventive effect of prophylactic nafamostat on PEP. However, it showed no statistically significant effect in attenuating post-ERCP hyperamylasemia. Key Word(s): 1. nafamostat; 2. prevention; 3. PEP; Presenting Author: JUN HEO Additional Authors: YONG HWAN KWON, SEONG WOO JEON, CHANG MIN CHO, MIN KYU JUNG Corresponding Author: JUN HEO Affiliations: Kyungpook National University Hospital Objective: Resection of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) less than 1 cm in diameter can be performed using various endoscopic techniques. To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal resection with Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase band ligation (ESMR-L) relative to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for rectal neuroendocrine tumors according to the characteristics of the tumors. Methods: 82 rectal NETs in 77 patients treated by ESMR-L (n = 48) or EMR (n = 34) between September 2007 and October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed in Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea. ESMR-L was used for flat type tumors or tumors with non-lifting sign after submucosal injection. Conventional EMR was used for elevated type tumors or tumors with well-lifting sign after submucosal injection.