The Cox multivariate analysis showed that CD9 positive protein inhibitor expression was positively correlated with the postoperative survival ratio, and was negatively correlated with postoperative mortality, and was the evaluation factor for independent poor prognosis. These results suggested that the CD9 expression level of gallbladder adenocarcinoma was similar to that of other epithelial malignant tumors. CD9 also reflected progression and clinical behaviors of the gallbladder cancer and was the important biological marker of prognosis. A high level expression of CD9 showed poor prognosis. Conclusions In the present study, our data showed that the expression of HMGA2 and/or CD9 might be closely related to carcinogenesis, clinical biological behaviors, and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
The data also suggest the prognostic significance of HMGA2 and/or CD9 expression as a tumor biological marker in patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors�� contributions QZ and ZY with Designing experiments, statistical analysis and writing manuscript; LX with doing experiments; FL with following-up patients and do part of experiments; LY and XM with collecting specimens and doing part of statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
AIM: To evaluate the effects of fucoidan, a complex sulfated polysaccharide extract from marine seaweed, on hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA load both in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: HCV-1b replicon-expressing cells were cultured in the presence of fucoidan obtained from Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida cultivated in Okinawa, Japan, and quantified the level of HCV replication. In an open-label uncontrolled study, 15 patients with chronic hepatitis C, and HCV-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with fucoidan (0.83 g/d) for 12 mo. The clinical symptoms, biochemical tests, and HCV RNA levels were assessed before, during, and after treatment. RESULTS: Fucoidan dose-dependently inhibited the expression of HCV replicon. At 8-10 mo of treatment with fucoidan, HCV RNA levels were significantly lower relative to the baseline. The same treatment also tended to lower serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and the latter correlated with HCV RNA levels. However, the improved laboratory tests did not translate into significant clinical improvement.
Fucoidan had no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that fucoidan is safe and useful in the treatment of patients with HCV-related chronic liver diseases. Further controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the present Dacomitinib findings. Keywords: Fucoidan, Hepatitis C virus, Replicon INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often advances to chronic hepatitis due to the low viral clearance rate, leading to liver cirrhosis (LC) and subsequent development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1,2].