An example of this is the reaction of fishers towards poachers. Management and protection of the resource are viewed as a personal interest by the fishers, thus generating a sense of empowerment. Hence, the fishers are invested in the resource and do not hesitate in implementing their own surveillance. The same phenomenon occurred in the loco fishery in Chile [8], where it reduced costs and allowed for a more effective

control. These events demonstrate how the implementation of the co-management system has aided in creating social capital, which is essential to the success of any fishery [4] and [40]. The co-management system exerted an effect in markets when it first started commercializing barnacles and find more it still continues to drive market cycles. Gooseneck barnacles in Asturias have evolved since the establishment of the system from being an under-commercialized resource to reaching prices of over 200 euros/kg in Asturian markets. Through the establishment of a co-management system with spatial property rights the fishery managed to avoid the tragedy of the commons [13] found in open access markets, the common system in European fisheries, by incentivizing the

exploitation and stewardship of a pristine resource. The fishing season was established based on fishers׳ knowledge and scientific information available, particularly P. pollicipes reproductive cycle. Moreover, the fishing season and market cycles have mutually affected each other. A relationship between supply and demand was observed and has been incorporated into the guidelines by maintaining fishers׳ daily EPZ015666 nmr TAC in 8 kg during the peak market season (December). Despite

these measures about there is not enough supply to meet the increased demands of the season resulting in a pronounced mean price increase. For the rest of the campaign supply and demand are balanced and prices stabilize. During the summer period, only the Cabo Peñas plan remains open, while market prices decline with regard to those in the high or mid seasons. Another characteristic of the system that drives market forces is the establishment of bans. Good quality zones with higher commercial value are submitted to partial bans and are only harvested during the high season. This strategy ensures that the best resource will be sold at the highest price thus raising market prices. An effect of fishers short-term decisions on market demands has been documented in other small-scale fisheries [5] and [41]. According to Gutiérrez et al. [2], in the most accomplished co-management systems the market is influenced by the fishers, as is the case in Asturias. Adaptive management has been broadly accepted as a desirable condition for natural resource management systems [39], it enhances the resilience of managed natural resources by accounting for their unpredictability [39].