After infection, the level of p50 significantly www.selleckchem.com/products/apo866-fk866.html increased in response to AgS and fraction F9. The level of nuclear p50 was lower, however, still increased in response to AgS, fraction F9 and F17. The level of p65 in the cytoplasm remained unchanged after infection but in vitro exposure of cells from uninfected and infected mice to H. polygyrus AgS reduced p65; restimulation of cells with fraction F13 and F17 resulted in invariable cytoplasm p65 content. Results from cytoplasm and nucleus for p65 are various; in the nucleus, the activity of p65 fluctuated and was higher after infection; however, in vitro restimulation with AgS and F17 mostly inhibited the activity of p65.

Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection and restimulation of MLN lymphocytes with the nematode antigens increased the level of p50 both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. Proteins in H. polygyrus SRT1720 concentration antigenic fractions were identified by LC-MS/MS. The fractions which inhibited apoptosis contained proteins with different functions: cytoskeleton proteins, members of metabolic pathways, chaperons and stress proteins (Table S1). Fraction F9 contains 33 proteins; fraction F13 contains 31 proteins, and fraction F17 contains 21 proteins. Fraction

F9 with the strongest antiapoptotic activity contained chaperone heat shock protein (HSP homologous to Caenorhabditis briggsae HSP-60), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, calumenin, ferritin, galectin and thrombospondin. Fraction F13 contained superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn) and also galectin (lec-5). The content of fractions was compared with secreted H. polygyrus proteins and 29% (F9), 31% (F13) Vitamin B12 and 24% (F17) of these were homological to proteins referred by Moreno et al. [13]. All identified fractions with antiapoptotic activity contained two common proteins, peroxiredoxin and unspecified fourteen-three-three family member (ftt-2). They also contained cytoskeleton protein such as myosin, myoglobins, paramyosins and tropomyosins.

We estimated the percentage of apoptotic T cells in BALB/c mice 12 days after infection with H. polygyrus. The capacity of parasitic antigen to modify survival of MLN cells was evaluated in vitro. Apoptosis was induced by DEX and rTNF-α protein. The potency of antigen fractions to inhibit apoptosis of T cells was measured. The cells from uninfected mice are referred as naïve, but the cells from infected mice which had come in contact with the nematode antigen are referred to as restimulated. To recognize specific activation of cells by the nematode antigen, apoptosis was evaluated in cell culture stimulated with anti-TCR/CD28 antibodies. Stimulation of naïve cells via TCR/CD28 receptors provoked proliferation and apoptosis. In mice, infected with H. polygyrus cell proliferation also elevated after activation of TCR and CD28 receptors but was inhibited by somatic antigens, and especially by F17.