With
this report, we present a strategy for highly resolved mapping of serological specificities that allows assessing the range and specificities of immune responses to E. granulosus and, at the same time, to identify specific antigens. This strategy joins immunoblot immune screening with proteome technologies involving 2-DE-PAGE and mass spectrometry for the identification of the antigens. A comparison of the specificity patterns of sera from patients with different stage of the disease reveals great differences in the antigens targeted during development of CE infection. The identified HSP20 belongs to the family of highly Venetoclax conserved small HSPs that function as molecular chaperones and, preventing stress, induce aggregation of partially denatured proteins and promote their return
to native conformations when favourable conditions pertain (14). During transmission, E. granulosus undergoes a drastic change of environmental factors from the ambient temperature to higher temperature in the mammalian host. Given these circumstances, HSPs, in Echinococcus, play essential roles in the host–pathogen interaction. In theory, the unmistakable resemblance of parasitic HSPs to host homologous HSPs might render them identifiable to the immune system as self, thus obviating a response and providing a good example of ‘antigen mimicry’. AUY-922 Our results indicate that in CE, this tolerance does not occur and HSP20 derived from E. granulosus act as classical foreign antigen, and elicit immune response as several parasite HSPs. We have previously characterised Eg2HSP70 as an antigenic molecule inducing both B- and T-cell responses (15). Chemale et al. (2003) identified by proteomic analysis members of the heat shock protein family, HSP70 and HSP 20, in protoscoleces of E. granulosus (10). More
recently, Montero et al. (11) identified a HSP20-related protein among the intracellular proteins found in bovine hydatid fluid of E. granulosus. Serum derived from mice Sucrase infected with E. multilocularis also recognised putative HSP20-related protein, suggesting the potential of this protein as immunodiagnostic or vaccine candidate for alveolar echinococcosis infection (16). Our results here extend the current knowledge about the possible role of HSPs in the induction or modulation of the host immune response, and assign to HSP20 a crucial function in the host–parasite relationship. In particular, in this study, we observe that HSP20 induces a strong host immune response in the early stages of E. granulosus development (active disease) and a weak or undetectable host immune response in advanced stages of the disease (inactive disease).