Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:4725–4732.PubMedCrossRef 15. Lizcano A, Chin T, Sauer K, Tuomanen EI, Orihuela CJ: Early biofilm formation on microtiter plates is not correlated with the invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae . Microbial Pathogenesis 2010, 48:124–130.PubMedCrossRef 16. Camilli R, Pantosti A, Baldassarri L: Contribution of serotype and genetic background to biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011, 30:97–102.PubMedCrossRef 17. Donlan RM, Piede JA, Heyes CD, Sanii L, Murga R, Edmonds PD0325901 P, et al.: Model system for growing and quantifying Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms in situ and in real time. Appl Environ

Microbiol 2004, 70:4980–4988.PubMedCrossRef 18. Budhani RK, Struthers JK: The use of sorbarod biofilms to study the antimicrobial susceptbility of a strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae . J Antimicrob Chemother 1997, 40:601–602.PubMedCrossRef 19. Waite RD, Struthers JK, Dowson CG: Spontaneous sequence duplication within an open reading frame of the pneumococcal type 3 capsule locus causes high-frequency phase variation. Mol Microbiol 2001, 42:1223–1232.PubMedCrossRef 20. Allegrucci M, Hu FZ, Shen K, Hayes J, Ehrlich GD, Post JC, et al.: Phenotypic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm developement. J Bacteriol 2006, 188:2325–2335.PubMedCrossRef 21. McEllistrem

MC, Ransford JC, Khan SA: Characterisation selleck of in vitro biofilm-associated pneumococcal phase variants of a clinically-relevant serotype 3 clone. J Clin

Microbiol 2007, 45:97–101.PubMedCrossRef 22. Allegrucci M, Sauer K: Characterization of colony morphology variants isolated from Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms. J Bacteriol 2007, 189:2030–2038.PubMedCrossRef 23. Moscoso M, Garcia E, Lopez R: Biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae : Role of choline, extracellular DNA, and capsular polysaccharide in microbial accretion. J Bacteriol 2006, 188:7785–7795.PubMedCrossRef 24. Hall-Stoodley L, Nistico L, Sambanthamoorthy K, Dice B, Nguyen D, Mershon WJ, et al.: Characterization of biofilm matrix, FAD degradation by DNase treatment and evidence of capsule downregulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates. BMC Microbiol 2008, 8:173.PubMedCrossRef 25. Domenech M, Garcia E, Moscoso M: Versatility of the capsular genes during biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Environmental Microbiology 2009,11(10):2542–2555.PubMedCrossRef 26. Parker D, Soong G, Planet P, Brower J, Ratner AJ, Prince A: The NanA Neuraminidase of Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Involved in Biofilm Formation. Infect Immun 2009,77(9):3722–3730.PubMedCrossRef 27. Bortoni ME, Terra V, Hinds J, Andrew PW, Yesilkaya H: The pneumococcal response to oxidative stress includes a role for Rgg. Microbiology 2009, 155:4123–4134.PubMedCrossRef 28.