Methods: We analyzed data from a questionnaire completed by young physicians as well as results of serum 25(OH)D, serum parathyroid hormone, and BMD measurements.
Results: Among 104 study subjects, 42% were white, 46% were Asian, 12% were “”other”" (10 Hispanic and 2 African American subjects), and 75% were women. The mean age and body mass index (BM I) were 28.1 years and 23.0 kg/m(2), respectively. White subjects had a higher mean serum 25(OH)D level (27.3 ng/mL) than did Asian subjects (15.9 ng/mL) and other subjects (22.3 ng/mL) (P <.0001). White subjects tended to have higher Z-scores than
Asian subjects and other subjects for the hip (P = .06), trochanter (P = .08), and lumbar spine (P = .08). The serum 25(OH)D level was negatively associated with serum parathyroid hormone (r = -0.44; P <.01) but not with BMD. The prevalence GS-9973 of vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL, 77% for the entire group] was higher (P <.01) in Asian subjects (93%) than in white subjects (61%) and other subjects (73%). Significant determinants of serum 25(OH)D included age, ethnicity, exposure to sunlight, use of vitamin D supplements, and family history of osteoporosis (P <.05 for all), and together with sex, calcium supplements, NVP-BEZ235 exercise, and BMI, these factors
explained 49% of serum 25(OH)D level variability. Significant determinants of low BMD (osteopenia plus osteoporosis, prevalence 37.5%) included sex (P = .002) and BMI (P <.0001) but not serum 25(OH)D; Asian ethnicity reached borderline significance (P = .088). Age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, and BMI explained 20% to 30% of the Z-score variations.
Conclusion: In young physicians with a healthful lifestyle, AG-014699 clinical trial determinants of low serum 25(OH)D and BMD included modifiable risk factors. Vitamin D insufficiency and low BMD could be important contributors to future osteoporotic fractures in this population. (Endocr Pract. 2012;18:219-226)”
“Background: Hemorrhage
remains the main cause of preventable death on the modern battlefield. As Improvised Explosive Devices in Afghanistan become increasingly powerful, more proximal limb injuries occur. Significant concerns now exist about the ability of the windlass tourniquet to control distal hemorrhage after mid-thigh application. To evaluate the efficacy of the Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) windlass tourniquet in comparison to the newer Emergency and Military Tourniquet (EMT) pneumatic tourniquet.
Methods: Serving soldiers were recruited from a military orthopedic outpatient clinic. Participants’ demographics, blood pressure, and body mass index were recorded. Doppler ultrasound was used to identify the popliteal pulses bilaterally. The CAT was randomly self-applied by the participant at mid-thigh level, and the presence or absence of the popliteal pulse on Doppler was recorded.