4), suggesting that Hes1 is dispensable for perinatal tubulogenesis. Effective deletion of Hes1 was confirmed and expression of additional Notch targets was analyzed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction

(RT-PCR) analysis at birth, when also no biliary abnormalities were observed (Supporting Fig. 6A,B). Of note, many periportal hepatocytes showed enhanced panCK staining at P10 in RbpjF/FAlbCre animals. Moreover, while Sox9 expression was restricted to mature bile ducts in control and Hes1F/FAlbCre animals, Sox9-positive cells with hepatocyte morphology Selleckchem Napabucasin were detected in RbpjF/FAlbCre livers along the interlobular septs connecting the portal tracts (Fig. 4). When livers were analyzed later at P20, these

intermediate cells formed irregular ductules spreading from portal tracts along the interlobular septs (Supporting Fig. 6C). We interpret the appearance of these intermediate cells as a compensatory transdifferentiation response to the lack of normal bile ducts. We suggest that Carfilzomib due to the loss of RBP-Jκ, biliary transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to mature biliary epithelial cells is impaired or severely delayed. To assess the contribution of RBP-Jκ and Hes1 in N2IC-induced biliary specification and morphogenesis of embryonic and adult liver cells, we generated R26N2ICRbpjF/FAlbCre, R26N2ICHes1F/FAlbCre, R26N2IC RbpjF/FMxCre, and R26N2ICHes1F/FMxCre animals, respectively. The additional genetic inactivation of Rbpj fully rescued the perinatal lethal phenotype observed in R26N2ICAlbCre animals now displaying a normal liver architecture at birth (Fig. 5A). N2IC-expressing hepatocytes in R26N2ICRbpjF/FAlbCre livers had normal hepatocyte morphology lacking expression of biliary markers such as HNF1β (Fig. 5A). In contrast, R26N2ICHes1F/FAlbCre animals all died within 24 hours after birth. Their livers displayed the same

structural pathology as R26N2ICAlbCre animals where the loss of Hes1 did not prevent N2IC-positive hepatoblasts to acquire a biliary 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 phenotype and form tubular-cystic structures (Fig. 5A). In analogy, analysis of 5 to 6-week-old R26N2ICRbpjF/FMxCre mice 7 days after pIC injection demonstrated that N2IC-induced transdifferentiation of mature hepatocytes can be prevented by concomitant inactivation of Rbpj. N2IC-expressing cells in R26N2ICRbpjF/FMxCre animals were HNF1β-negative and maintained typical hepatocyte morphology (Fig. 5B). As with embryonic inactivation of Hes1, the additional inactivation of Hes1 in N2IC-expressing hepatocytes in R26N2ICHes1F/FMxCre mice had no visible impact on the N2IC-induced formation of biliary tubular-cystic structures (Fig. 5B). Congruent with the histological results, the additional deletion of Rbpj, but not Hes1, in embryonic and adult N2IC-expressing mice reversed the rapid decline in albumin expression (Fig. 5C,D).