Briefly, total RNA was isolated from the cell pellets of infected monocytes or DCs using the Macherey Nagel kit (Macherey-Nagel GmbH, Dueren, Germany). 500 nanogram of RNA was reverse-transcribed from each sample using the Eurogentec Reverse-Transcription Kit. Real-time PCR Entospletinib was performed using the qPCR Core kit (Eurogentec) in Roche Lightcycler 480 system. The gene expression levels were calculated by the delta-delta Ct (ddCt) method

[41], normalized to 16S in case of chlamydial genes and to 18S for host genes, and compared to the mock sample as the reference gene. The specificity and identity of the amplified products were determined using Light Cycler 480 melting curve analysis software. Data from 3 independent experiments with pool of 2 donors were combined to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Quantification of cytokines The level of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF and IL-12p70 were measured in the supernatants of the infected monocytes and DCs collected 1 day p.i. by Cytometric Bead Array (Human Inflammatory Cytokines Kit; BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA) according to the manufacturer’s

instruction. In brief, 50 μL of human inflammation capture bead suspension and 50 μL of phycoerythrin detection reagent were added to an equal amount of samples or standard dilution and incubated for 3 hours at room temperature in the dark. Evofosfamide research buy The monocyte samples were diluted 1:2 and DCs samples were diluted 1:4 with assay diluent to have sample data within the range of the standard curve. Subsequently, samples were washed with wash buffer and centrifuged at 200 × g at room temperature for 5 minutes. The samples were further fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes. The supernatant was discarded many and 300 μL of wash buffer was added. Samples were then analysed on a BD FACS Calibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany). The data was analyzed using the FCAP array software (BD Biosciences). Data from 3 independent experiments with pool of 2 donors were combined

to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Innate and adaptive immune response array The Human Innate and Adaptive Immune response Array (PAHS-052) was performed using the SYBR green-based RT2 Profiler system (SA Biosciences, Frederick, MD). This PCR array is a pathway focused array that contains a set of 84 AMN-107 clinical trial related genes involved in the inflammatory immune response. This assay also contains 5 housekeeping genes and 3 other reaction controls to assess genomic DNA contamination, RNA quality, and general PCR performance. Total RNA from infected monocytes and DCs were extracted using Macherey Nagel kit (Macherey-Nagel GmbH, Dueren, Germany). Due to the low RNA concentration, monocyte RNA sample were amplified by RT2 PreAmp PCR master mix (SA Biosciences, Frederick, MD). Equal amount of RNA from each sample was reverse-transcribed to cDNA by using Reverse-transcription mix preceded by a genomic DNA elimination step; both provided in the kit.