(C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We identified preoperative factors associated with bothersome urge urinary incontinence after incontinence surgery (Burch or sling).

Materials and Methods: Postoperative urge urinary incontinence was defined as treatment for urge urinary incontinence 6 or more weeks after surgery. Variables thought to affect postoperative urge urinary incontinence included age, race, prior incontinence surgery or treatment, body mass index, pelvic organ prolapse quantification stage, frequency of stress and urge symptoms, incontinence episode frequency, concomitant surgery

and urodynamic findings. Bivariate logistic CP-690550 datasheet regression models were fit in which each

covariate was controlled for separately to ascertain potential importance. After controlling for surgery several baseline factors were associated with postoperative urge urinary incontinence (p <0.10) and used in multivariable modeling, including age, body mass index, Palbociclib mw prior incontinence surgery, prior anticholinergic medication, stress and urge symptom scores, detrusor overactivity and detrusor pressure at maximum flow.

Results: Of 655 women who had surgical re-treatment for stress urinary incontinence 34 were excluded from study. Participants had a mean +/- SD age of 51 +/- 10 years. Stress and urge symptom scores were 19.3 +/- 4.6 and 6.4 +/- 3.9, respectively. Of the women 89 (14%) had prior incontinence surgery and 165 (27%) had taken anticholinergic medication. A total of 132 women (21%) required treatment for postoperative urge urinary incontinence (50 Burch, 82 sling). Odds of treatment for urge urinary incontinence after surgery were significantly higher after sling

compared to Burch (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.16-2.54, p = 0.007). A 10-point increase in preoperative Medical, Epidemiologic, and Social Aspects of Aging urge score, prior anticholinergic use and detrusor overactivity all independently increased the odds of urge urinary incontinence.

Conclusions: Women are almost twice as likely to need treatment for postoperative urge urinary incontinence after sling than Burch. Women with preoperative urge, detrusor overactivity or prior use of anticholinergic medications are more likely Celecoxib to have bothersome urge urinary incontinence postoperatively.”
“The brain is often considered an ensemble of clusters of independently interacting neurons. Here the brain is proposed as an isoenergetic structure having little energy barriers that limit the distribution of neuronal information, thereby facilitating unitary brain functioning. Isoenergicity is achieved and maintained by energy metabolism and must be seen as an evolutionary conserved property. Isoenergicity enables efficient coordination of neural activities, thus facilitating, among others, fast access to memory.