Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Most DBRFs were characterized by coincident, preventable factors; breed was not one of these. Study results supported previous recommendations AG-120 for multifactorial approaches, instead of single-factor solutions such as breed-specific legislation, for dog bite prevention.”
“Purpose: To evaluate inter- and intrareader agreement in breast percent density (PD) estimation on clinical digital mammograms and central digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) projection images.
Materials and Methods: This HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval; all patients provided informed consent. Breast PD estimation was performed
on the basis of anonymized digital mammograms and central DBT projections in 39 women ( mean age, 51 years; range, 31-80 years). All women had recently detected abnormalities or biopsyproved cancers. PD was estimated by three experienced readers on the mediolateral oblique views of the contralateral breasts LOXO-101 by using software; each reader repeated the estimation after 2 months. Spearman correlations of inter- and intrareader and intermodality PD estimates, as well as kappa statistics between categoric PD estimates, were computed.
Results:
High correlation (rho = 0.91) was observed between PD estimates on digital mammograms and those on central DBT projections, averaged over all estimations; the corresponding kappa coefficient (0.79) indicated substantial agreement. Mean interreader agreement for PD estimation on central DBT projections (rho = 0.85 +/- 0.05 [standard deviation]) was significantly higher (P < .01) than that for PD estimation on digital mammograms (rho = 0.75 +/- 0.05); the corresponding kappa coefficients indicated substantial (kappa = 0.65 +/- 0.12) and moderate (kappa = 0.55 +/- 0.14) agreement for central DBT projections and digital mammograms, respectively.
Conclusion:
High correlation between PD estimates on digital mammograms and those on central DBT projections SP600125 cell line suggests the latter could be used until a method for PD estimation based on three-dimensional reconstructed images is introduced. Moreover, clinical PD estimation is possible with reduced radiation dose, as each DBT projection was acquired by using about 22% of the dose for a single mammographic projection.”
“P>Plants activate direct and indirect defences in response to insect egg deposition. However, whether eggs can manipulate plant defence is unknown. In Arabidopsis thaliana, oviposition by the butterfly Pieris brassicae triggers cellular and molecular changes that are similar to the changes caused by biotrophic pathogens. In the present study, we found that the plant defence signal salicylic acid (SA) accumulates at the site of oviposition.