Conclusions: Tophi can present in unexpected locations, even as the first sign of gout, and vigilance is required when unusual symptoms or signs occur in a patient with gout. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights BMS202 concentration reserved. Semin Arthritis Rheum 42:146-154″
“Objective-To determine the proportion of dogs entering an animal shelter with protective antibody titers (PATs) for canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) and identify factors associated with having a PAT
Design-Cross-sectional study.
Animals-431 dogs admitted to an open-admission municipal animal shelter in north central Florida with a history of infectious disease outbreaks.
Procedures-Blood was collected from dogs on the day
of admission to the shelter. Antibody titers for CDV and CPV were measured by virus neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition, respectively. Age, sex, neuter status, NVP-HSP990 concentration address of origin, source (stray or previously owned), health status (healthy or not healthy), and outcome (adoption, euthanasia, or reclaimed by owner) data were also collected.
Results-Overall, 64.5% (278/431) of dogs had insufficient titers for antibodies against CDV, CPV, or both. A total of 153 (35.5%) dogs had PATs for both CDV and CPV, 33 (77%) had PATs for CDV but not CPV, 136 (31.5%) had PATs for CPV but not CDV, and 109 (25.3%) did not have PATs for either virus. Older dogs were more likely to have PATs for CDV and CPV. Neutered
dogs were more likely to have PATs for CDV. Factors not associated with having a PAT included source, health status, and type of community from which the dog originated.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Most dogs had insufficient antibody titers for CDV, CPV, or both at the time of admission to the animal shelter. Findings support current guidelines recommending vaccination of all dogs immediately upon admission to shelters, regardless of source or physical condition. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;236:1317-1321)”
“Objectives: The management of gouty arthritis is focused on treating pain and inflammation associated with acute flares and preventing MDV3100 price further acute flares and urate crystal deposition.
A challenge associated with the successful management of gouty arthritis is an increased risk of acute flares during the first months after initiation of urate-lowering therapy (ULT). This increase in flare frequency can occur regardless of the choice of ULT and is linked to suboptimal patient adherence to ULT. Current treatment recommendations for the use of prophylaxis are limited. There are no definitive recommendations as to which agents should be used or for how long therapy is beneficial after starting ULT. This article aims to improve awareness of the importance of gouty arthritis flare prophylaxis when initiating ULT and to summarize current recommendations and clinical findings related to the efficacy and safety of currently available and investigational new therapies.