CrossRefPubMed 19. Burrus V, Pavlovic G, Decaris B, Guédon G: The ICESt1 element of Streptococcus thermophilus belongs to a large family of integrative and conjugative elements that exchange modules and change their specificity of integration. Plasmid 2002, 48:77–97.CrossRefPubMed 20. Gaillard M, Pernet N, Vogne C, Hagenbüchle O, Meer JR: Host and invader Selleckchem Linsitinib impact of transfer of the clc genomic island
into Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:7058–7063.CrossRefPubMed 21. Banemann A, Deppisch H, Gross R: The lipopolysaccharide of Bordetella bronchiseptica acts as a protective shield against antimicrobial peptides. Infect Immun 1998, 66:5607–5612.PubMed 22. Ravatn R, Studer S, Springael D, Zehnder AJ, Meer JR: Chromosomal integration, tandem amplification, and deamplification in Pseudomonas putida F1 of a 105-kilobase genetic element containing the chlorocatechol degradative genes from Pseudomonas sp. Strain B13. J Bacteriol
1998, 180:4360–4369.PubMed 23. Zee A, Mooi F, Van Embden J, Musser J: Molecular evolution and host adaptation of Bordetella spp.: phylogenetic analysis XMU-MP-1 using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and typing with three insertion sequences. J Bacteriol 1997, 179:6609–6617.PubMed 24. Buboltz AM, Nicholson TL, Parette MR, Hester SE, Parkhill J, Harvill ET: Replacement of adenylate cyclase toxin in a lineage of Bordetella bronchiseptica. J Bacteriol 2008, 190:5502–5511.CrossRefPubMed 25. Monack DM, Arico B, Rappuoli R, Falkow S: Phase variants of Bordetella bronchiseptica arise by spontaneous deletions in the vir locus. Mol Microbiol 1989, 3:1719–1728.CrossRefPubMed 26. Gross R, Rappuoli R: Positive regulation of pertussis toxin
expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988, 85:3913–3917.CrossRefPubMed 27. Rouillard JM, Zuker M, Gulari E: Design of oligonucleotide probes for DNA microarrays using a thermodynamic approach. Nucleic Acids Res 2003, 31:3057–3062.CrossRefPubMed 28. Middendorf B, Hochhut B, Leipold K, Dobrindt U, Blum-Oehler G, Hacker J: Instability of pathogenicity islands in uropathogenic Escherichia coli 536. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:3086–3096.CrossRefPubMed Authors’ contributions ML performed most of the experimental work. KS performed nearly the DNA-microarray experiments. SB performed cloning and conjugation experiments. DH, CH, EL and YL developed and validated the B. petrii DNA microarray. CL and YL coordinated the development and validation of the DNA microarray. RG coordinated the work, designed the experiments and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.”
“Background Mycoplasma genitalium is now MK-8776 in vitro recognized as a sexually transmitted pathogen [1, 2]. In healthy young men and women, the prevalence of M. genitalium infection is approximately 1% and is between those of gonococcal (0.4%) and Chlamydia trachomatis (4.2%) infections [2]. In men, M. genitalium is a recognized and important cause of non-gonococcal urethritis [3]. Reproductive tract disease syndromes associated with M.