CRRT is performed through a double lumen catheter inserted into the subclavian, femoral or internal jugular vein. continuous veno venous hemodiafiltration or hemofiltration were performed using standard equipment, with a polyacrilonitrile cylinder or polysulfone hemofilters. Anticoagulation selleck chemical was obtained using either a systemic heparin infusion or a citrate infusion within the CRRT circuit. Initial blood flow was set at around 130 150 ml min and the ultrafiltrate rate was adjusted to provide at least 15 20 ml kg h. Dialysate was generally used during the first 24 48 hours of therapy. Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 18. 0 for Windows NT software package. Descriptive statistics were performed for all study variables.

Discrete variables are expressed as counts, and continuous Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries variables as mean standard deviation or median. A Students T test was used to assess differences between Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries groups. A p value 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. drug regimens remained unchanged over the study period. A total of 73 TDMs were analyzed, 35 performed during ET and 38 during LT. ICU and hospital mortality rates were 50% and 60%, respectively. The median APACHE II score was 21 on admission. Sepsis was mainly due to GNB, including P. aeruginosa in 18 patients. The lung was the most frequent site of infection. At the moment the study drug was initiated in each patient, CRRT was ongoing since 2 days. The T 4xtMIC was inversely correlated with the CRRT intensity.

Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries B lactam antibiotics CL was also significantly correlated with the CRRT intensity. Similarly, drug CL was significantly greater in the upper quartile levels of CRRT intensity whereas T 4xtMIC was significantly lower. There were no other Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries correlations between PK PD parameters and clinical, biologic, laboratory or therapeutic variables. Discussion In this study, we showed that, during CRRT, use of B lactam antibiotics at doses similar to those used in patients without AKI resulted in drug concentrations above the Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries minimal target threshold in more than 90% of patients, both in the early and late phases of therapy. However, there was wide variability in drug concentrations over time, with very high levels in some patients. Significant, although weak, correlations were found between CRRT intensity and T 4xtMIC and total drug CL.

hence, CRRT intensity should be considered when determining dosage strategy selleck chem inhibitor in these patients. During treatment with CRRT, the prediction of B lactam antibiotics concentrations is challenging, as both Vd and total drug CL may be affected by the type of membrane, the mechanism of epuration, the total delivered dose and the CRRT intensity. Previous studies that have evaluated B lactam antibiotics concentrations during CRRT have reported conflicting results.