differentially regulated in the experiments described here, which could read me be for several reasons, including 1 some of those genes were not represented in the oligo array e. g. sonic hedgehog and 2 the timescale of the experiment was not ideal to identify changes in gene expression of developmental genes associated with skin healing since by day 3 histological analysis revealed that epidermis is already re established. Furthermore, metalloproteinases 2 and 9 have been recently suggested to have a Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries role in scale regen eration in zebrafish. However, MMP 2 is not represented in the sea bream microarray and although MMP 9 is represented it did not change significantly between the groups analyzed. Of the metalloproteinases present on the microarray only matrilysin was modified and it was down regulated in unfed fish without scales compared to the unfed fish on day 3 of the experiment.

The sea bream oligo array results were also queried for known calcitropic factors, for Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries example, PTH and PTH related peptide, which are related with cal cium and phosphorus homeostasis in fish, and calcitonin, whose hypo or hypercalcemic role in fish is not yet clarified, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries no significant differences in expression were observed. The same was observed for other calcitropic hormones represented in the array, but to a certain extent this was to be expected given the previously estimated timescales for these processes, albeit in a different species. More over, the target tissue in the present study, the skin, is not recognised as an important source of these hor mones which tend to be produced in appreciable levels by specific endocrine tissues.

The biggest changes in the skin scale transcriptome amongst the treated groups occurred at day 3. By day 7, when re epithelisation had occurred and a thin regener ated scale was visible, relatively few differ ences were found when expression analyses were carried Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries out. Over the four comparisons, a total of 49 probes were up regulated only 21 of which had associated annotation, representing 17 putative unique transcripts. It was also difficult to make generalisations about the on going cellular processes, but the differen tially expressed genes indicate a continued requirement for cell division and proliferation. The putative identifi cation of the transforming acidic coiled coil 3 indicates the continuance of scale cell proliferation, as this gene in humans was shown to be involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

As in day 3, some genes are up regulated in more than one of the comparisons made. The GINS complex subunit 1 reported to be involved in regulating proliferation of stem cells, for example in response to acute bone marrow regeneration in mam mals, is up regulated in 3 of the four comparisons performed for both days 3 and 7 after scale removal where the factor Brefeldin_A analysed is the skin scale regeneration. Taken together, the up regulation of the GINS complex transcripts in all the groups where scales www.selleckchem.com/products/Imatinib-Mesylate.html were removed at bo