IL-17 detection was performed using the mouse IL-17 ELISA set from eBioscience. Light absorbance at 450 nm was measured using a Vmax plate reader (Bio-Rad). The amount of cytokine in each supernatant was extrapolated from the standard curve for the respective cytokine. Inhibition of T-cell proliferation of and cytokine production by OVA-specific T Opaganib cells was performed upon transfection of OVA-primed LNCs, isolated from OVA-immunized mice as described above, with commercially available anti-miR miRNA inhibitor (AM10206, Ambion) directed

against the mature sequences of miR-21. Transfection was performed using the siPORT NeoFX transfection agent (Ambion) and 100 nM of anti-miR-21. Expression levels of 365 microRNAs were evaluated with microRNA profiling assays (TLDA human miRNA v1.0) in the Dana Farber Molecular Diagnostics Facility. Validation of these results was performed using the mirVana qRT-PCR miRNA Detection Kit and qRT-PCR Primer Sets, according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Ambion). RNU48 expression was used as an internal control. The primers used for https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SRT1720.html real-time PCR analysis of pri-miR-21 were as follows: forward: 5′-CATTGTGG GTTTTGAAAAGGTTA-3′ and reverse:

5′-CCACGACTAGAGGCTGACTTAGA-3′. Cell lysates (30 μg protein) from Jurkat cells transfected with 100 nM siRNA-negative control (cat no. AM4635, Ambion) or siRNA against PD1 (cat no. s10171, Ambion) were fractionated on 4–20% SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred to Hybond-C membranes (Amersham Pharmacia). Membranes were blocked with 5% milk in PBS and then incubated with anti-STAT5 (1:500 dilution, ab7969, AbCam); anti-pSTAT5 (1:1000 dilution, ab32364,

AbCam), and anti-β-actin (1:10 000 dilution, AC-15, Sigma). Detection was performed by using HRP-conjugated medroxyprogesterone antisera (Amersham Pharmacia) and chemiluminescence. For the assessment of pSTAT5 and PDCD4, the expression in OVA-primed LNCs, OVA-immunized WT, and PD1−/− mice was sacrificed at days 9 and 10 after immunization and was restimulated in the presence or absence of OVA (50 μg/mL) for 48 h. Cell lysates (40 μg protein) were analyzed using pSTAT5, PDCD4 (both from Cell Signaling), and β-actin (Santa Cruz) as a loading control. Jurkat cells were seeded in 6-well plates and were transfected with 100 nM siRNA against PD1 (cat no. s10171, Ambion) or siRNA against STAT5 (cat no. s13536, Ambion) using siPORT NeoFX transfection agent. SiPORT NeoFX is a lipid transfection agent consisting of a mixture of lipids that spontaneously complex small interference RNA and facilitates its transfer to the cells. Transfection with 100 nM siRNA-negative control (cat no. AM4635, Ambion) was used as a control. No cell toxicity was detected due to the transfection agent.