jejuni has shown diversity in the group A Tlp receptor set and indicated that Tlp1 was the only receptor universally represented in all sequenced strains of C. jejuni[6]. This high conservation can be explained by the fact that tlp1 encodes the aspartate receptor for C. jejuni[7], find protocol aspartate being one of the carbon sources used in C. jejuni metabolism. The receptor set for 81116 was previously reported to be similar to that of 11168 genome sequenced strain, including that of Tlp7, which is represented as a “pseudogene”, however, Tlp7 is presumed to be a functional protein in strain HB93-13,

as there is no stop codon to interrupt the sequence [6]. A recent study has shown that each portion of tlp7

can be translated as separate proteins and still function in chemotaxis of this organism [8]. It has previously been suggested that receptor subset variation may be dependent on strain source or relative pathogenicity, since variance in the chemoreceptor subset has been shown for some uropathogenic strains of E. coli, which all lack the functional receptors Trg (ribose and galactose) and Tap (dipeptides) usually present within strains isolated from Veliparib in vivo faecal material [9]. In C. jejuni tlp7 is the only receptor where this has been tested using strains from different sources. Zautner et al. (2011) showed that dtlp7 tlp7 encoded by two separate genes rather than a single transcript, was over-represented in bovine strains and underrepresented in human isolates [10]. In addition to 6 group A tlp genes encoded by C. jejuni 11168, a unique tlp, designated as Tlp11, was identified in some C. jejuni strains and was shown to share sequence similarity with TcpI, a chemoreceptor involved in stimulating the expression of the CT and TCP pathway of Vibrio cholerae[6]. It has yet to be established if Tlp11 exists in other C. jejuni isolates and whether it has a role in enhancing virulence or if it has an effect on the expression levels of the other group A tlp genes. Although genome Clomifene analysis

has demonstrated which receptor sets are present in partially and fully-sequenced strains of C. jejuni, whether gene expression is conserved has yet to be elucidated. Here we report the variation in C. jejuni chemoreceptor gene subsets within the genomes of 33 C. jejuni strains, including NCTC 11168 -GS and –O, isolated from both avian and human hosts. C. jejuni 11168-GS is the non-colonising, non-invasive variant of NCTC 11168 with known decreases in virulence-associated phenotypes and with a number of point mutations when compared to the click here original isolate (11168-O) from which it was derived [11]. We also report receptor gene expression modulation in vivo, during colonisation of avian and mammalian hosts, and in vitro under varying growth conditions. Results Tlp gene content of different C. jejuni strains Thirty-three strains of C.