Non-averaged sea surface images of a shallow are usually rich in the footprints of meso- and submesoscale processes, which are due to a variety of forcings and mask the manifestations of resuspension. The two-fold discrepancy between the long-term average Loffwnav(λ) and Lonwnav(λ) indicates the probability of a broader range of ‘instantaneous’ radiances in daily images of a shallow and gives an idea of the errors in deriving water constituents from

normalized radiance without regard for the resuspension of bottom sediments. The latter is a multistage process whose stages vary temporally and spatially. This list is far from complete. To overcome these difficulties, it may be reasonable to confine the use of satellite data to images of a shallow obtained at wind speeds below Olaparib nmr 3 m s− 1. A comprehensive numerical model for resuspension

with data assimilation capability seems to be the most appropriate solution. Further interdisciplinary studies Dasatinib of relevant processes and phenomena are needed to ensure the feasibility of the model approach. The ocean colour data used in this study were produced by the SeaWiFS Project at the Goddard Space Flight Centre. The use of this data is in accord with the SeaWiFS Research Data Use Terms and Conditions Agreement. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. “
“Water column conditions in coastal lagoons depend on a number of factors, including the balance of surface heat fluxes at the air-sea interface, the contribution of fresh water discharge or runoff, wind stress and tidal mixing (Simpson and Hunter, 1974, Simpson and Bowers, 1981, Bowers and Simpson, 1987, Simpson, 1997, Yanagi

et al., 2001 and Butanapratheprat et al., 2008). Positive surface heat flux and fresh water discharge strengthen the vertical stability, whereas tidal currents and wind stress increase water mixing and turbulence. However, these factors are modified in each area. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the controlling factors and their role in order to know the mechanism of water column stability in the area of interest. The Red Sea (Figure 1) lies in an arid zone where evaporation Interleukin-2 receptor is very high > 2 m year− 1 (Morcos 1970) and precipitation very low. Consequently there are no river discharges in the area. Many studies have been carried out regarding the surface heat fluxes in the Red Sea (Bunker, 1976, Bunker and Goldsmith, 1979, Hastenrath and Lamb, 1979, Ahmad and Sultan, 1987, Ahmad and Sultan, 1989, Ahmad et al., 1989 and Tragou et al., 1998), most of them referring to the main body of the Red Sea. However, a study by Ahmad et al. (1989) calculated the monthly variations in heat fluxes at the air-sea interface in coastal waters near Jeddah, Red Sea. The Red Sea possesses an irregular bottom topography. The coastline is bordered by shallow fringing reefs, the edges of which slope gently into lagoons bordered by an offshore barrier reef system (Morley 1975).