The Antarctic extremophile Chlamydomonas raudensis Ettl. UWO 241 (UWO) was isolated from an ice-covered lake in Antarctica, whereas its mesophilic counterpart C. raudensis Ettl. selleck chemicals SAG 49.72 (SAG) was

isolated from a meadow pool in the Czech Republic. The effects of changes in temperature and salinity on growth, morphology, and photochemistry were examined in the two strains. Differential acclimative responses were observed in UWO which include a wider salinity range for growth, and broader temperature- and salt-induced fluctuations in F(v)/F(m), relative to SAG. Furthermore, the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, measured as 1-q(P), was modulated in the extremophile whereas this was not observed in the mesophile. Interestingly, it is shown for the first time that SAG is similar to UWO in that it is unable to undergo state transitions. The different natural histories of these two strains exert different evolutionary pressures and, consequently, different abilities for acclimation, an important component of phenotypic plasticity. In contrast to SAG, UWO relied on a redox sensing and signalling system under the growth conditions used in this study. It is proposed that growth and adaptation

of UWO under a stressful and extreme environment poises this extremophile for better success under changing environmental conditions.”
“The adhesion-based transfer printing process allows the devices to be fabricated through low temperature process, which is important for realizing flexible electronics with high mobility. Therefore, comprehensive understanding about adhesion between the solid object and the surface of elastomeric stamp (generally, polydimethylsiloxane Selleck LXH254 is used) and the optimal strategy to control adhesion can support the effective and high yield transfer. In this paper, a novel adhesive force measurement system is developed to measure dynamic adhesive forces from the surface on the flexible stamp. The thermodynamic work of adhesion at 10058-F4 the moment of debonding of a tip of sensor from the flexible

stamp is modeled and used for developing the adhesion control strategy. The measurement results show that the work of adhesion is strongly dependent on the peel-off velocity of tip, while the indentation force has only minor effects on it. The effect of Young’s modulus of elastomeric stamp is also investigated using the model of work of adhesion based on the relation between the adhesive force and peel-off velocity. The elastomeric stamp with low Young’s modulus is preferred for efficient transfer printing. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3611033]“
“Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a rare but complex group of inborn metabolic diseases that result in carbohydrate-deficient glycoproteins. Biochemical and clinical features of both types I and II of this group of disorders have been well characterized and reported from various parts of the world except the Middle East.