The limited effectiveness Trametinib ic50 of medical interventions

means there is a need for research into the effectiveness of psychotherapy for the psychological and social problems associated with AA. Currently there is very little evidence relating to the reduction of AA-related psychological symptoms through such means. Clinicians should adapt their approaches to take account of the special needs of people with AA, especially adolescents. Our findings highlight the potentially universal nature of psychosocial impact of AA. Evidence indicates that the significance of hair loss is similar in both the West and the East. The experiences reported by males and females are much in accord with the findings from Western cultures (Ptacek et al., 1994; Tucker, 2009). The coping behaviours reported were also similar to those reported earlier in UK samples, though with more emphasis on the use of religious coping behaviours. One difference was the use of veils and head scarves after visible

hair loss, instead of use of wigs, in females; and the use of caps instead of head shaving in males was a common way of fixing one’s appearance in this Pakistani sample. Traditional medicine and the use of Pazopanib a wide range of homemade remedies to counter hair loss were peculiar to the sample drawn from Pakistan. Most of the homemade remedies and traditional medicines reported by these adolescents with AA have not been reported earlier by the researchers conducted in the West. Conclusion IPA is based upon the principles of hermeneutics, phenomenology, and idiography. This study is hermeneutic in understanding the recounted psychosocial experiences of adolescents with AA. It is phenomenological in recognizing and “giving voice” (Larkin, Watts, & Clifton, 2006) to the psychological and social concerns

of adolescents with AA. Finally, it is idiographic in that assumptions were drawn about the experiences of the eight participants ADP ribosylation factor rather than that for the overall community of adolescents with AA. Conflict of interest and funding The authors have not received any funding or benefits from industry or elsewhere to conduct this study.
Maternal depressive symptoms around childbirth have long been considered as culture-bound and rare or non-existing outside the Western cultures (Cox, 1996). Depressive symptoms in women after birth are supposedly related to the rise of the modern obstetric practice in the Western countries, which has alienated women from guidance and social support while they adapt to their new role as a mother (Hanlon, Whitley, Wondimagegn, Alem, & Prince, 2009). Thus, women from non-Western cultures have been thought to be protected from depressive symptoms by the rituals and restrictions that accompanied the transition to motherhood (Cox, 1996).