Therefore, in the present study we made an attempt to characterize lipopeptides produced by the strains of genera Citrobacter and Enterobacter. The comprehensive mass spectral (MALDI-TOF MS and GC-MS) analysis of HPLC purified antimicrobial lipopeptides obtained from strains of Citrobacter and Enterobacter revealed the occurrence of different lipopeptide antibiotics belonging to groups like kurstakin, iturin, surfactin and fengycin, usually produced by Gram-positive bacteria. Further, individual lipopeptide belonging to a particular group shown to exhibit differences in their amino acids [13, 27], fatty acid chain length or isomers of fatty

acids and thus generating various analogues with varied activity SIS3 research buy [13, 33]. Accordingly, lipopeptides of the present study showed differences in fatty acid composition and also differed in their antibacterial activity. Of the various lipopeptides, the

lipopeptide fraction Fr-b produced by all strains had a molecular weight of 984/985 Da. Although amino acid composition of this peptide identified it as kurstakin, it differed in fatty acid composition (C15) when compared to other kurstakin selleck chemical members that contained fatty acids with chain length of C11-C14, suggesting the lipopeptide fraction (Fr-b) is an isoform of kurstakin. Further, differences in antimicrobial activity spectrum of these peptides attributed to the fatty acid composition differences [20]. A variety of lipopeptides produced by strains Citrobacter sp. strain S-3 and Enterobacter sp. strain S-11 were identified as lipopeptides belonging to iturin, kurstakin and fengycin with unusual broad spectrum antibacterial activity. It is pertinent to mention that the fraction Fr-e of strains S-3 and S-11, had an identical mass with the lipopeptide reported by Swart and Merwe [38], therefore, we have minimized further attempt to characterize the full sequence as reported [β-NC14NYNQPNS].

Additionally, science identification of C14 fatty acid as the lipid content of the fraction Fr-e also confirmed their classification under iturins as they are known to contain a fatty acid chain length of C14 to C16[39] along with a cyclic peptide of seven amino acids. Cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactants like iturin, mycosubtilin, surfactin and kurstakin are largely produced by species of Bacillus exhibiting antimicrobial activity [12, 28]. In fact, iturin and fengycin produced by B. subtilis are recognized as potential biopharmaceutical agents due to their antimicrobial and biosurfactant properties [14]. Although different types of lipopeptides varied in their amino acid and/or fatty acid composition, they all are usually thermostable, resistant to proteolytic enzymes and inhibits the growth by altering the membrane integrity.