PCR was performed on an iQ5 Multicolor Real-Time PCR (Bio-Rad), using the iQ5 Standard Edition Software, version 2.0. Genomic DNA (10 ng) was subjected to a two-step PCR amplification under the following conditions: 1 cycle 95°C × 3 minutes, followed by 45 cycles of 95°C × 15 seconds and 68°C × 40 seconds. Primer sequences: hAAT forward: 5′-TCCTGGGTCAACTGGGCATC-3′; hAAT reverse: 5′-CAGGGGTGCCTCCTCTGTGA-3′; Gapdh forward: 5′-CCACCCCAGCAAGGACACTG-3′; Gapdh reverse 5′-GCTCCCTAGGCCCCTCCTGT-3′. RAD001 Dilutions of hAAT plasmid into mouse genomic DNA were used to generate copy number standards. Results were normalized to Gapdh expression. In Fah5981SB mice, a single point mutation (GA transversion) at the terminal nucleotide

of Fah exon 8 leads to mis-splicing and exon-8 deletion from the messenger RNA (mRNA). Several important criteria derived from the literature18 were considered for the design of

the gene repair vector to correct the Fah5981SB point mutation (Fig. 1A). First, the vector should not contain elements needed for driving gene expression such as promoters, enhancers, or cDNA expression cassettes. Second, the fidelity and length of homology should be maximized with the packaging capacity of AAV (4.7 kb) check details being the limit. Third, the position of the nucleotide targeted for repair should be at the center of the homology. A 4.5-kb PCR product homologous to murine Fah was cloned into an AAV plasmid backbone and verified by DNA sequencing. Recombinant AAV-Fah of serotypes 2 and 8 were produced and administered to Fah5981SB mice as neonates or adults. Correction of the point mutation by homologous recombination (Fig. 1B) leads to normal Fah gene and protein expression. The evaluation of homologous recombination as a strategy for gene repair has traditionally relied on detecting alterations in reporter sequences rather than correcting

a disease phenotype. Given the selective advantage of FAH+ hepatocytes in the HTI liver, Fah5981SB mice can be used to study the clinical significance of AAV-mediated gene repair by homologous recombination. Four d3 Fah5981SB neonates were intravenously injected with 1 × 1011 vg of AAV2-Fah and kept on NTBC until weaning, followed by NTBC withdrawal to select for corrected Amino acid hepatocytes. Two control groups were injected with isotonic NaCl solution. Control group I (n = 3) did not receive a course of NTBC post-weaning, continued to lose weight and died. Control group II (n = 2) did receive one course of NTBC post-weaning but failed to maintain a healthy weight and died. AAV-treated mice began to stabilize in weight at 8 weeks after treatment, suggesting the onset of sufficient liver function. At age 11 weeks, a two-thirds partial hepatectomy was performed to induce liver regeneration and subsequent episomal AAV loss. Continued clinical improvement following partial hepatectomy strongly suggested stable gene repair at the Fah locus.

Rao, Christopher S. Graffeo, Rishabh Gulati, Suchithra Narayan, Tasnima Mohaimin, Stephanie Greco, Lena Tomkoetter, Eliza

van Heerden, Rocky M. Barilla, Oscar Carazas, Reuven Blobstein, Yisroel Gelbstein, Atsuo Ochi, Constantinos P. Zambirinis, Michael Deutsch, George Miller 5:30 PM 208: Myeloid specific deficiency of gp96, a master chaperone of toll-like Ensartinib receptor 4 (TLR4), reduces inflammatory cytokines and protects against alcoholic liver injury Aditya Ambade, Donna Catalano, Pranoti Mandrekar 5:45 PM 209: Alcohol-induced defects in transcytosis may be explained by decreased dynein processivity along hyperacetylated microtubules Jennifer L. Groebner, David J. Fernandez, Dean J. Tuma, Pamela L. Tuma 6:00 PM 210: The role of neutrophil endotoxin tolerance in the predisposition to sepsis

in alcohol-related liver disease Jennifer M. Ryan, Godhev K. Manakkat Vijay, (Robin) Daniel Abeles, Thomas Tranah, Lee J. Markwick, Laura J. Blackmore, Antonio Riva, Nikhil Vergis, Nicholas J. Taylor, CH5424802 supplier Shilpa Chokshi, Yun Ma, John G. O’Grady, Debbie Shawcross SIG Program Monday, November 4 4:45 – 6:45 PM Ballroom C Selected Controversies in Adult and Pediatric NAFLD and NASH Sponsored by the Pediatric Liver Disorders SIG and the Steatosis and Steatohepatitis SIG MODERATORS: Mary E. Rinella, MD Rohit Kohli, MD NAFLD is the most prevalent liver disease in the developed world and a burgeoning epidemic in the developing world. Despite over a decade of intense investigations and major advances in our understanding of disease pathagenesis, we remain without established therapy. There are a myriad of controversies with respect to the management of NAFLD in both children and adults. As we learn more

about proposed treatments for NAFLD and its associated conditions, controversy over their efficacy and true impact on the disease are again at the forefront as we manage this increasingly common condition. Learning Objectives: Discuss the PDK4 role of vitamin E in the treatment of NASH in children and adults Review the role of diet macronutrient content in the development and management of NAFLD Understand the relationship between NAFLD and some of its comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular disease, hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, dyslipidemia) in children and adults 4:45 – 4:50 PM Introduction Mary E. Rinella, MD and Rohit Kohli, MD Session I: Vitamin E in the Treatment of NASH 4:50 – 5:05 PM First Line Therapy or Waiting for Something Better? Rohit Loomba, MD 5:05 – 5:20 PM Utility in Pediatrics Joel E. Lavine, MD, PhD 5:20 – 5:28 PM Panel Discussion Session II: Dietary Factors in Pathogenesis and Management of NASH 5:28 – 5:43 PM The Role of Macronutrients Jacob George, MD, PhD 5:43 – 5:58 PM The Role of Fructose Miriam B.

Pre-treatment of sediment samples using short ultrasound pulses and gradient centrifugation, in combination with CalcoFluor White, showed the best results in the visualization of both pathogen groups. The highest number of infected benthic diatoms was observed

in mid July (5.8% of the total benthic diatom community). Most infections were caused by chytrids and, in a few cases, oomycetes (Lagenisma Drebes (host: Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenberg) and Ectrogella Zopf (hosts: Dimeregramma minor in Pritchard and Gyrosigma peisonis). Among the chytrids, sporangium morphology indicated the presence of five different morphotypes, infecting mainly epipelic taxa of the orders Naviculales (e.g., Navicula digitoradiata) and Achnanthales (e.g., Achnanthes brevipes Agardh). Transmembrane Transporters activator The presence buy Lumacaftor of multiple pathogens in several epipelic diatom taxa suggests a significant role for fungal parasitism in affecting microphytobenthic diatom succession. “
“Diatoms are

perhaps the most diverse lineage of eukaryotic algae, with their siliceous cell wall and diplontic life history often considered to have played important roles in their extraordinary diversification. The characteristic diminution of the diatom cell wall over the course of vegetative growth provides a reliable, intrinsic trigger for sexual reproduction, establishing a direct link between the evolution of their cell-wall and life-history features. It is unclear, however, whether the diplontic life cycle of diatoms represents an ancestral or derived trait. This uncertainty is based in part on our lack of understanding of the life cycle of the sister lineage to diatoms, which includes a mix of two free-living and separately classified forms: naked biflagellate unicells in the genus Bolidomonas Cyclooxygenase (COX) and silicified forms in the order Parmales. These two forms might represent different life-history stages, although directly establishing such links can be difficult. We sequenced transcriptomes

for Bolidomonas and two diatoms and found that ~0.1% of the coding regions in the two diploid diatoms are heterozygous, whereas Bolidomonas is virtually devoid of heterozygous alleles, consistent with expectations for a haploid genome. These results suggest that Bolidomonas is haploid and predict that parmaleans represent the diploid phase of a haplodiplontic life cycle. These data fill an important gap in our understanding of the origin of the diplontic life history of diatoms, which may represent an evolutionarily derived, adaptive feature. “
“The filamentous green alga Zygogonium ericetorum (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) was collected in a high-alpine rivulet in Tyrol, Austria. Two different morphotypes of this alga were found: a purple morph with a visible purple vacuolar content and a green morph lacking this coloration.

In 1975, a retrospective study of 27 cases of children and adults with haemophilia and a knee haemarthrosis concluded that aspiration was safe and effective in restoring early joint function in established severe haemarthrosis [57]. The authors noted a gain of extension and an overall increase in range of motion learn more by day 4. Patients who had undergone aspiration returned to normal school and employment within 48 h of the procedure, compared with an average of 3–7 days in-patient hospitalization for cast or traction immobilization in descriptive historical controls. There have been no recent studies of aspiration of haemophilic knee bleeds.

A case report found symptomatic improvement in all five patients who underwent AZD2014 ultrasound aspiration of hip haemarthrosis that failed to resolve on factor

replacement. Factor VIII replacement was given to cover the aspiration, and the authors recommended aspiration of haemarthrosis in this group of patients [58]. Most consensus guidelines recommend physiotherapy following acute haemarthrosis in patients with haemophilia (Table 3). There is, however, no significant evidence to support recommendations for specific interventions. In 1964, Greg outlined the need for rest, elevation, application of an ice pack and immobilization of the joint by positioning on foam, rubber or light plaster of Paris shells [59]. Immobilization was recommended for no more than 5 days, and early active movement was advised to assist in the see more absorption of any residual blood. Skin traction to the lower leg was recommended if the ankle affliction was not too great. The paper advised very careful physiotherapy, initiated

after the end of immobilization and including early quadriceps drill and resistance exercises. The final recommendation was to protect the knee joint for several weeks by crutch walking until the quadriceps muscle was strong enough to stabilize the joint. The application of ice is recommended by consensus guidelines (Table 4) but little is known regarding the safe periods of application, or the relative safety of cryotherapy devices such as the Cryo Cuff™ (DJO, Vista, CA, USA) when used in the home setting by patients suffering from severe haemophilia and related bleeding disorders. There is one observational study providing some evidence that cooling procedures provide symptomatic and possibly therapeutic benefit in treating haemarthrosis. In the study, 12 selected patients with severe haemophilia A or B or type 3 von Willebrand’s disease (VWD, age 5–45 years) used Cryo Cuff™ as part of a PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression and elevation) regimen [60]. The device was applied for 15 min, repeated every 1–2 h as tolerated.

Steroids decrease the intestinal wall edema and thus the symptoms improve or disappear. The role of gastric acid inhibition in HSP patients remain

unknown but we opted to continue this while he is maintained on oral steroids. Upon follow-up, the previously noted purpuric rashes resolved, however, there was the appearance of new purpuric RGFP966 in vitro rashes on the lower extremities with occasional vague hypogastric pain but there was no recurrence of the bloody stools. The plan is to continue patient on oral prednisone and continue to monitor response. Key Word(s): 1. Henoch Schoenlein; 2. HSP; 3. GI bleed; 4. Endoscopy HSP; Presenting Author: KENTA IGARASHI Additional Authors: SHIN-EI KUDO, YUICHI MORI, KUNIHIKO WAKAMURA, YOSHIKI WADA, MAKOTO KUTSUKAWA, YUSUKE YAGAWA, KENICHI TAKEDA, KATSURO ICHIMASA, MASASHI MISAWA, TOYOKI KUDO, HIDEYUKI MIYACHI, HARUHIRO INOUE, SHIGEHARU HAMATANI Corresponding Author: KENTA IGARASHI, SHIN-EI KUDO, YUICHI MORI, KUNIHIKO WAKAMURA, YOSHIKI WADA, MAKOTO KUTSUKAWA, YUSUKE YAGAWA, KENICHI TAKEDA, KATSURO ICHIMASA, MASASHI MISAWA, TOYOKI KUDO, HIDEYUKI MIYACHI, HARUHIRO INOUE, SHIGEHARU HAMATANI Affiliations: Showa

University Northern Yokohama Hospital Objective: Magnifying selleck inhibitor chromoendoscopy (MC) is a Japanese standard diagnostic method for endoscopically predicting a massively invasive submucosal colorectal cancer (SMm) which has the possibility of metastasis Recently developed ultra-magnifying (450-fold) endoscopy “endocytoscopy (EC)” was also reported to be useful for predicting SMm. The aim was to assess the additional value of EC to MC for diagnosing colorectal lesions. Methods: Consecutive lesions which were resected after colonoscopical examination with use of EC were enrolled in this retrospective

study between May 2005 and Febulary 2013 in Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital. At colonoscopy, the on-site endoscopists diagnosed each lesion on the basis of MC+EC findings after assessing it on the basis of MC findings alone. The 4��8C diagnostic abilities of MC+EC were compared to those of MC alone with reference to the histopathology of the resected specimens. As main outcome measure, the diagnostic abilities of predicting both neoplastic change and SMm were evaluated according to Kudo’s pit pattern classification and the EC classification. In addition, inter- and intraobserver agreement for both MC and EC diagnoses were evaluated by using fifty randomly selected images among six endoscopists at intervals of one month. Results: Overall, 357 patients with 391 specimens were available for analysis. Of them, there were 41 non-neoplastic lesions, 272 dysplasias, 12 slightly invasive submucosal cancers, and 74 SMms. The main results were shown in the table.

Forty-five consecutive patients with an acute IS were included in the prospective study during an 18-month period. All patients underwent CTA and TCCS within the first 3 hours of symptom onset. A high rate of pathologic findings in the intracranial circulation was found (70.9% in CTA and 77.4% in TCCS examinations). The

CTA and TCCS findings with respect to the intracranial arteries were consistent in 87.1% of cases (Cohen’s κ, .797). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values achieved with TCCS in patients with middle cerebral artery main Ixazomib nmr stem occlusion were 92.3%, 94.4%, and 92.3% and 94.4%, respectively. There was no correlation between the patient’s clinical status on admission and 3 months after the onset of the IS and the CTA or the TCCS findings buy 3-Methyladenine (P > .1 in all cases). A substantial agreement was found between TCCS and CTA in the detection of pathologic findings in intracranial vessels in acute stroke patients. Both methods can be used for this purpose. “
“Currently, the presence of persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) is detected by digital subtraction angiography (DSA); most publications on this cerebrovascular variation have been individual case reports. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) at 3.0 T for the detection and

classification of PPTA based on a large case series. Between June 2007 and October 2008, 4,650 patients underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) examination at 3.0 T in our hospital. MRA was performed using 3D-TOF with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) Thymidine kinase technique. The PPTA was classified according to the Saltzman classification system. The occurrence of cerebral vascular diseases accompanying PPTA was studied. Among the 4,650 patients with MRA examined, 25 were identified as having PPTA; the prevalence of PPTA was .54%. The Saltzman classification

of PPTAs was as follows: type I, 24%; type II, 16%; type III, 60%. Sixteen percent of the cases with PPTA were accompanied with intracranial aneurysm. A 3D-TOF MRA at 3.0 T can be used for the detection of PPTA and making a classification of PPTA indirectly. The incidence of PPTA with type III was greater than that of other types of PPTA. Intracranial aneurysm appeared to be associated with PPTA. “
“Cerebral vasomotor reserve (VMR) is the capability of cerebral arterioles to change their diameter in response to various stimuli, such hypercapnia. Changes of VMR due to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been poorly studied. Twenty-five healthy subjects underwent anodal/cathodal and sham tDCS on right primary motor area. Before and after tDCS, we assessed VMR by Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography (TCCS) calculating trought Breath Holding Index (BHI) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), in particular after Valsalva manouver.

Forty-five consecutive patients with an acute IS were included in the prospective study during an 18-month period. All patients underwent CTA and TCCS within the first 3 hours of symptom onset. A high rate of pathologic findings in the intracranial circulation was found (70.9% in CTA and 77.4% in TCCS examinations). The

CTA and TCCS findings with respect to the intracranial arteries were consistent in 87.1% of cases (Cohen’s κ, .797). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values achieved with TCCS in patients with middle cerebral artery main Ferrostatin-1 stem occlusion were 92.3%, 94.4%, and 92.3% and 94.4%, respectively. There was no correlation between the patient’s clinical status on admission and 3 months after the onset of the IS and the CTA or the TCCS findings Lumacaftor research buy (P > .1 in all cases). A substantial agreement was found between TCCS and CTA in the detection of pathologic findings in intracranial vessels in acute stroke patients. Both methods can be used for this purpose. “
“Currently, the presence of persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) is detected by digital subtraction angiography (DSA); most publications on this cerebrovascular variation have been individual case reports. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) at 3.0 T for the detection and

classification of PPTA based on a large case series. Between June 2007 and October 2008, 4,650 patients underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) examination at 3.0 T in our hospital. MRA was performed using 3D-TOF with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) Benzatropine technique. The PPTA was classified according to the Saltzman classification system. The occurrence of cerebral vascular diseases accompanying PPTA was studied. Among the 4,650 patients with MRA examined, 25 were identified as having PPTA; the prevalence of PPTA was .54%. The Saltzman classification

of PPTAs was as follows: type I, 24%; type II, 16%; type III, 60%. Sixteen percent of the cases with PPTA were accompanied with intracranial aneurysm. A 3D-TOF MRA at 3.0 T can be used for the detection of PPTA and making a classification of PPTA indirectly. The incidence of PPTA with type III was greater than that of other types of PPTA. Intracranial aneurysm appeared to be associated with PPTA. “
“Cerebral vasomotor reserve (VMR) is the capability of cerebral arterioles to change their diameter in response to various stimuli, such hypercapnia. Changes of VMR due to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been poorly studied. Twenty-five healthy subjects underwent anodal/cathodal and sham tDCS on right primary motor area. Before and after tDCS, we assessed VMR by Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography (TCCS) calculating trought Breath Holding Index (BHI) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), in particular after Valsalva manouver.

Forty-five consecutive patients with an acute IS were included in the prospective study during an 18-month period. All patients underwent CTA and TCCS within the first 3 hours of symptom onset. A high rate of pathologic findings in the intracranial circulation was found (70.9% in CTA and 77.4% in TCCS examinations). The

CTA and TCCS findings with respect to the intracranial arteries were consistent in 87.1% of cases (Cohen’s κ, .797). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values achieved with TCCS in patients with middle cerebral artery main selleckchem stem occlusion were 92.3%, 94.4%, and 92.3% and 94.4%, respectively. There was no correlation between the patient’s clinical status on admission and 3 months after the onset of the IS and the CTA or the TCCS findings CHIR-99021 chemical structure (P > .1 in all cases). A substantial agreement was found between TCCS and CTA in the detection of pathologic findings in intracranial vessels in acute stroke patients. Both methods can be used for this purpose. “
“Currently, the presence of persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) is detected by digital subtraction angiography (DSA); most publications on this cerebrovascular variation have been individual case reports. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) at 3.0 T for the detection and

classification of PPTA based on a large case series. Between June 2007 and October 2008, 4,650 patients underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) examination at 3.0 T in our hospital. MRA was performed using 3D-TOF with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) Avelestat (AZD9668) technique. The PPTA was classified according to the Saltzman classification system. The occurrence of cerebral vascular diseases accompanying PPTA was studied. Among the 4,650 patients with MRA examined, 25 were identified as having PPTA; the prevalence of PPTA was .54%. The Saltzman classification

of PPTAs was as follows: type I, 24%; type II, 16%; type III, 60%. Sixteen percent of the cases with PPTA were accompanied with intracranial aneurysm. A 3D-TOF MRA at 3.0 T can be used for the detection of PPTA and making a classification of PPTA indirectly. The incidence of PPTA with type III was greater than that of other types of PPTA. Intracranial aneurysm appeared to be associated with PPTA. “
“Cerebral vasomotor reserve (VMR) is the capability of cerebral arterioles to change their diameter in response to various stimuli, such hypercapnia. Changes of VMR due to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been poorly studied. Twenty-five healthy subjects underwent anodal/cathodal and sham tDCS on right primary motor area. Before and after tDCS, we assessed VMR by Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography (TCCS) calculating trought Breath Holding Index (BHI) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), in particular after Valsalva manouver.

These changes lead to in an impaired matrix integrity as measured by a diminished glycosaminoglycan content of the tissue [2]. Even after a follow-up period of 10 weeks matrix synthesis is still inhibited [3]. The in vitro experiments mimic the natural joint haemorrhage, as 4 days is considered to be the natural evacuation time in humans. These effects were confirmed

by canine in vivo experiments. Injections of autologous blood decreased matrix synthesis and content, and enhanced release of matrix components. The effects persisted for a prolonged period of time despite an apparently ineffective repair activity [4]. However, finally repair activity prevailed and cartilage damage vanished [3]. Preliminary results of recent studies demonstrated that sufficient repeated joint bleeds finally lead to persisting

cartilage damage (ongoing work of van Meegeren). Clearly the effects in dogs were less severe than in vitro. see more It was demonstrated that blood was cleared from the canine joint Y-27632 nmr much quicker than generally observed in humans. After injection of a maximum amount of blood in the canine knee joint, the volume of blood decreased to less than 5% within 48 hours [5]. In vitro it was found that exposure to a concentration of at least 10% for more than 2 days was needed to maintain the irreversible adverse effects [6]. Disturbance of matrix turnover in the long-term is considered to be caused by apoptosis of the chondrocyte. Inhibition of caspases, involved in the apoptotic process, results in normalization of matrix synthesis [7]. Since the low proliferating chondrocyte is the only cell type of cartilage and is responsible for production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix, apoptosis of chondrocytes will result in a long-lasting, if not permanent, impaired matrix turnover. In that condition, cartilage will be unable to handle normal loading

resulting in further damage of the tissue, as supported by canine in vivo studies [8]. In Pazopanib vitro studies revealed that the combination of mononuclear cells (MNC) and red blood cells (RBC) present in whole blood can have the same effect on their own as whole blood. A possible explanation for the irreversible damage by this combination is the conversion of hydrogen peroxide, produced by IL-1 activated monocytes/macrophages, and a catalyst in the form of iron supplied by RBC, into hydroxyl radicals. Scavenging these hydroxyl radicals with e.g. dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) diminishes inhibition of matrix synthesis [9]. Apoptosis of chondrocytes can be inhibited by addition of IL-10 [10]. Most recently it appeared that IL-4 has even more protective effects on blood-induced cartilage damage than IL-10 (manuscript in preparation). It has been reported that IL-4 and IL-10 alone and in combination are able to inhibit inflammation in arthritic conditions [11]. This merges the direct degenerative activity of blood on cartilage with the inflammation driven activity of repeated joint bleeds.

The endoscopists provided the appropriate surveillance interval recommendations in 518 patients, 92.8%, 95% CI: 90.4–94.8% of the cohort (93.5% for close view; 92.2% for standard view; p = NS), as compared with pathology based recommendations. Incorrect recommendations were too early by 2.2 ± 0.5 years in the close-view; and either early or late in the standard view. Conclusion: We observed evidence that real-time OD of all colorectal polyps can be applied in patient care. Use of colonoscopes capable of close-up view can lead to increased JQ1 in vitro number of accurate OD. Endoscopists were twice as likely to make an OD of colorectal polyps with

high confidence using colonoscopy with close view, as compared to the conventional standard view. The diagnoses were highly accurate and led to similar surveillance

intervals as compared to those made based on pathology. NCT01288833. Key Word(s): 1. colon polyps; 2. optical diagnosis; 3. resect and discard; 4. narrow band imaging; Table 2. Diagnostic Operating Characteristics of Optical Diagnosis, stratified HIF-1 cancer by Confidence Levels All Polyps, n = 1309 Close View Optical Diagnosisa n = 710 Standard View Optical Diagnosis n = 599 P-value Odds Ratio (95% Cl) a a Univariate logistic regression was performed using conditional random effects assuming a model at a single level of clustering by patient Presenting Author: NING-LI CHAI Additional Authors: EN-QIANG LING-HU Corresponding Author: NING-LI CHAI Affiliations: 301 Hospital Objective: To study the expression of tumorigenesis related stem cell markers Lgr5 and CD44 in different pathological types of intestinal polyps and their clinical predictive significance. Methods: 145 cases of colorectal polyps, adenomas and cancer tissues were obtained by colonoscopy biopsy. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of Lgr5 and CD44 to find out their relationship with the colon/rectum cancer occurrence and prognosis. Results: The expression of CD44 DNA ligase in

colon cancer tissue was 95.65%, significantly higher than that in normal mucosa (5%), inflammatory hyperplastic polyps (22.58%), tubular adenomatous polyps (55.26%) and villous polyps (75.76%) (P < 0.05). The expression of Lgr5 in colorectal cancer was up to 95.65%, while it was also negative in normal colorectal tissue and was 16.12% in the inflammatory hyperplastic (P < 0.05). However, the expression rate of Lgr5 in both tubular adenoma (94.73%) and villous polyps (93.94%) were not distinguished different with that of colon cancer (P > 0.05). Conclusion: 1. Lgr5 and CD44 were highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues which was consistency with the clinical and pathological features; 2. The expression of Lgr5 and CD44 were the notable features to distinguish colorectal cancer tissue cancer with normal intestinal mucosa. 3. The correlation between the expression of Lgr5 and the tumor progression of polyps was closer comparing to CD44.