The mouse-twisting assay was used to examine the analgesic activity of 12 mutants, in which two mutants (C22S, C46S) and (C16S, C365), exhibited lower relative activity. Following the conformational analysis, one domain, called the “core domain”, was found to be the

key to the analgesic activity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Levothyroxine (T4) is a narrow therapeutic index drug with classic bioequivalence problem between various available products. Dissolution of a drug is a crucial step in its oral absorption and bioavailability. The dissolution of T4 from three commercial solid oral dosage forms: Synthroid(R) (SYN), generic levothyroxine sodium by Sandoz Inc. (GEN) and Tirosint(R) (TIR) was studied using a sensitive ICP-MS assay. All the three products showed variable and pH-dependent dissolution Lapatinib behaviors. The absence of surfactant from the dissolution media decreased the percent T4 dissolved for all the three products by 26-95% (at 30 min). SYN dissolution showed the most pH dependency, whereas GEN and TIR showed the fastest and highest dissolution, respectively. TIR was the most consistent one, and was minimally affected by pH and/or by the

presence of surfactant. Furthermore, dissolution of T4 decreased considerably with increase in the pH, which Suggests a possible physical interaction in patients Concurrently on T4 and gastric pH altering drugs, such as proton selleck chemicals llc pump inhibitors. Variable dissolution of T4 products can, therefore, impact the oral absorption and bioavailability of T4 and may result in bioequivalence problems between various

available products. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Length of hospital stay (LOS) is an important indicator of the hospital activity and management of health care. The skewness exhibited by this variable poses problems in statistical modeling. The aim of this work is to model the variable LOS within diagnosis-related groups (DRG) through finite mixtures of distributions. A mixture of the union of Gamma, Weibull and Lognormal families is used in the model, instead of a mixture of a unique distribution family. PND-1186 nmr Some theoretical questions regarding the model, such as the identifiability and study of asymptotic properties of ML estimators, are analyzed. The EM algorithm is proposed for performing these estimators. Finally, this new proposed model is illustrated by using data from different DRGs. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Objectives: To determine the accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in vulval carcinoma and to report the reliability and safety of this procedure.\n\nMethods/Materials: For a period of 6 years, we recruited women undergoing surgery for vulval carcinoma. All women had a preoperative biopsy confirming the depth of invasion greater than 1 mm.

These results represent a substantial advancement in the early preclinical development of a promising class of novel antiviral drugs against virulent neurotropic

alphaviruses.”
“The synthesis and biological evaluation of hydrophilic find more heterobifunctional cross-linkers for conjugation of antibodies with highly cytotoxic agents are described. These linkers contain either a negatively charged sulfonate group or a hydrophilic, noncharged PEG group in addition to an amine-reactive N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester and sulfhydryl reactive termini. These hydrophilic linkers enable conjugation of hydrophobic organic molecule drugs, such as a maytansinoid, at a higher drug/antibody ratio (DAR) than hydrophobic SPDB and SMCC linkers used earlier without triggering aggregation or loss of affinity of the resulting conjugate. Antibody maytansinoid conjugates (AMCs) bearing these sulfonate- or PEG-containing hydrophilic linkers were, depending on the nature of the targeted cells, equally to more cytotoxic to antigen-positive cells DMXAA purchase and equally to

less cytotoxic to antigen-negative cells than conjugates made with SPDB or SMCC linkers and thus typically displayed a wider selectivity window, particularly against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines in vitro and tumor xenograft models in vivo.”
“Objectives: Remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) in idiopathic dilated

cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is known to be associated with multiple pathologic changes that endogenous factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), protect against. Although a clinically relevant delivery method of these factors has not been established, ONO1301, a synthetic prostacyclin agonist, has been shown to upregulate multiple cardioprotective factors, including HGF and VEGF, in vivo. We thus hypothesized that ONO1301 may reverse LV remodeling in the DCM heart.\n\nMethods: ONO1301 dose-dependently added to the normal human Selleck Quisinostat dermal fibroblasts and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro, to measure the expression of HGF, VEGF, stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. delta-Sarcoglycan-deficient J2N-k hamsters, which is an established DCM model, were treated by epicardial implantation of an atelocollagen sheet with or without ONO1301 immersion or sham operation.\n\nResults: ONO1301 dose-dependently upregulated expression of these 4 factors in vitro. ONO1301 treatment, which induced dominant elevation of ONO1301 levels for 2 weeks, significantly preserved cardiac performance and prolonged survival compared with the other groups.

His BMI was 27.7. Since 11 years he had been treated for arterial hypertension and had received oral medication for type 2 diabetes for one year. The latest blood pressure value was 134/109 Pinometostat mm Hg during treatment with a combination of atenolol, chlortalidone und hydralazine-HCl; furthermore hr received simvastatin, metformin, glimepirid und ramipril. A standardized telemedical imaging of the retina (“talkingeyes (R)”) was undertaken, revealing focal and generalized arteriolar narrowing of the retinal vessels and a retinal microinfarction (cotton wool spot) in the right eye. The arterial/venous ratio was decreased to 0.74 in the right

and 0.77 in the left eye.\n\nInvestigations: Optical coherence tomographie (OCT) revealed an ischemic microinfarction of the retina with marked axonal swelling. The digital subtraction angiography of the cerebral vessels revealed a 40% stenosis of the right internal carotid artery and a proximal, highgrade stenosis of the basilary artery.\n\nTreatment and course: Angioplasty with stent insertion of the basilary artery was performed. Long-term

observation showed no restenosis and a reduction in the size of the the retinal microinfarct.\n\nConclusion: Retinal microinfarctions denote localized retinal areas of hypoxia and underperfusion. They may act as markers buy LB-100 of a generalized micro- and macroangiopathy. Patients with severe retinal microangiopathic changes should be examined thoroughly to detect early macroangiopathic changes. These can be treated by interventional procedures thus avoiding irreversible end-organ damages.”
“Maternal protein restriction (MPR) during pregnancy impaired the reproduction Linsitinib mw of male offspring. We investigated, during the first wave of spermatogenesis, whether MPR exerts deleterious effects on germ cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as androgen receptor (AR) protein expression, which was used as a marker

for Sertoli cell (SC) maturation. At the beginning of pregnancy (day 0), dams were fed a control diet (C: 20% casein) or a restricted isocaloric diet (R: 10% casein). After birth, four groups were established: CC, RR, CR and RC (first letter diet during pregnancy and second during lactation). Male offspring were studied at postnatal days 14, 21 and 36. At birth, pup body weight was unchanged. Body weight and testis weight were reduced in RR and CR groups at all ages evaluated. MPR delayed the germinal epithelium development at all ages evaluated. On performing Western blot and immunohistochemistry, AR expression was found to be lower in the three restricted groups. The results suggest that MPR during pregnancy and/or lactation delays SC maturation and germ cell differentiation, and affects intratubular organization. These changes might be responsible for the lower fertility rate at older ages.

\n\nMethod. Experienced psychiatrists conducted interviews and chart reviews at baseline and throughout the 15-year follow-up period. Survival analyses were conducted on the presence/ PKC inhibitor absence of a DSM-III-R mood disorder at follow-up.\n\nResults. There were 59 cases of first lifetime episodes of depression. Analyses showed that Neuroticism [hazard ratio (HR) per one point increase in the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) = 1.05, 95 % confidence interval (CI)

1.02-1.08] but not Extroversion (HR 1.02, 95 % CI 0.97-1.06) amplified risk for mood disorder.\n\nConclusions. This prospective study on a randomly sampled birth cohort of older adults showed that Neuroticism confers risk for a first lifetime episode of clinically significant depression. Findings have implications for understanding the etiology of late-life depression (LLD) and could also aid in the identification and treatment of people at risk.”
“Purpose: PET-guided radiation therapy treatment planning, clinical diagnosis, assessment of tumor growth, and therapy response rely on the accurate delineation https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tariquidar.html of the tumor volume and quantification of tracer uptake. Most PET image segmentation techniques proposed thus far are suboptimal in the presence of heterogeneity of tracer uptake within the lesion. This work presents an active contour model

approach based on the method of Chan and Vese ["Active contours without edges," IEEE Trans. Image Process. 10, 266-277 (2001)] designed to take into account the high level of statistical uncertainty

(noise) and to handle the heterogeneity of tumor uptake typically present in PET images.\n\nMethods: In the proposed method, selleckchem the fitting terms in the Chan-Vese formulation are modified by introducing new input images, including the smoothed version of the original image using anisotropic diffusion filtering (ADF) and the contourlet transform of the image. The advantage of utilizing ADF for image smoothing is that it avoids blurring the object’s edges and preserves the average activity within a region, which is important for accurate PET quantification. Moreover, incorporating the contourlet transform of the image into the fitting terms makes the energy functional more effective in directing the evolving curve toward the object boundaries due to the enhancement of the tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). The proper choice of the energy functional parameters has been formulated by making a clear consensus based on tumor heterogeneity and TBR levels. This cautious parameter selection leads to proper handling of heterogeneous lesions. The algorithm was evaluated using simulated phantom and clinical studies, where the ground truth and histology, respectively, were available for accurate quantitative analysis of the segmentation results. The proposed technique was also compared to a number of previously reported image segmentation techniques.

01-0.001). For the HAMA somatic factor score, the mean improvement in the duloxetine 60-120 mg and venlafaxine XR groups was significantly greater than placebo (p <= 0.05 and p <= 0.01 respectively), whose mean improvement did not differ from the duloxetine 20 mg group (p=0.07). Groups did not differ in study discontinuation rate due to adverse events.\n\nConclusions.

Duloxetine and venlafaxine treatment were each efficacious for improvement of core psychic anxiety symptoms and associated somatic symptoms for adults with GAD.”
“Background: The best therapeutic approach for primary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL) remains unknown so far. In very limited studies, the poor clinical outcome of this aggressive variant of multiple TGF-beta inhibition myeloma seemed to be ameliorated by the use of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Aiming to provide more consolidated data, this multicenter retrospective survey focused on unselected and previously untreated PPCL patients who had Citarinostat inhibitor received bortezomib as frontline therapy.\n\nPatients

and methods: Twenty-nine patients with PPCL were collected. Bortezomib was given at standard doses and schedules, in various combinations with dexamethasone, thalidomide, doxorubicin, melphalan, prednisone, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide.\n\nResults: An overall response rate of 79% was observed, with 38% of at least very good partial remission. Grade 3-4 hematological, neurological, infectious, and renal

toxic effects occurred in 20%, 21%, 16%, and 4% of patients, respectively. After a median follow-up of 24 months, 16 patients were alive (55%), 12 of whom were in remission phase and 4 relapsed. The best long-term results were achieved in patients who received stem-cell Smoothened Agonist transplantation after bortezomib induction.\n\nConclusion: Bortezomib, used as initial therapy, is able to increase the percentage and the quality of responses in PPCL patients, producing a significant improvement of survival.”
“Background. Access-related problems are one of the major causes of morbidity in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to assess potential risks and benefits in elderly patients comparing forearm arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and perforating vein AVF below the elbow for primary vascular access.\n\nMethods. A retrospective comparison of elderly patients (65.7 +/- 9.3 years, 70.4% male patients, 36.2% late referral) undergoing primary vascular access surgery using forearm AVF (n = 50) and perforating vein AVF (n = 55) was performed over a 2-year period, including a multivariate analysis of potential risk factors and benefits of primary patency (PP = intervention-free access survival) and secondary patency (SP = access survival until abandonment).\n\nResults. Patency rates after 24 months were significantly higher in patients with perforating vein AVF (PP + SP: 78.2%) compared to forearm AVF (PP: 62%, SP: 56%, P = 0.04).

Furthermore, expression

of the DOCK180 DHR1 domain was sufficient to restore the perturbed CI-MPR distribution in DOCK180 knockdown cells. These data suggest that DOCK180 regulates CI-MPR trafficking via SNX5 and that this function is independent of its guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity toward Rac1.”
“The process of isolation of the 27-kDa glycoprotein from the somatic antigen of Fasciola gigantica was standardized and the diagnostic potentiality was evaluated for the detection of bubaline fasciolosis by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Initially, the test was standardized using the sera from experimentally noninfected Crenolanib manufacturer (n=20) and infected (n=5) animals. Further, the sensitivity and the specificity of the test were evaluated through the sera of buffaloes with different natural infections, find more i.e., F. gigantica (n=8 animals), F. gigantica and Gastrothylax crumenifer (n=15), F. gigantica and Gigantocotyle explanatum (n=6), trematode infections other than F. gigantica (n=9), only G. crumenifer (n= 36), only G. explanatum (n= 18), G. crumenifer and

G. explanatum positive (n=39), and PM negative (n=102). All animals came from the slaughterhouses of Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh, India) and Patna (Bihar, India). The level of sensitivity observed in the present study was 81.0%, while 97-98% specificity against G. crumenifer, G. explanatum, or a mixed infection with both parasites was noted. The study showed F. gigantica prevalence rate of 18-20% in the buffaloes of the study area. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a 27-kDa glycoprotein could be a feasible diagnostic method for the early detection click here of bovine fasciolosis.”
“Aromatase, encoded by the cyp19a1 gene, is the key enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis. Exon I.f of aromatase transcripts in the Xenopus brain is driven in a brain-specific manner. In this study, we cloned brain aromatase with a 5′-end of various lengths by S’-RACE and detected the expression pattern of the aromatase mRNA. In Xenopus at the larval stage, the brain aromatase mRNA expression was five-fold higher than those in the gonad and liver, and was upregulated

from stage 42 to stage 50. After isolating the brain-specific promoter IS, which was located similar to 6.5 kb upstream from gonad-specific exon PII, we observed this promoter in a potential cis-elements for several transcriptional factors, such as Oct-1, c-Myc, the GATA gene family, C/EBPalpha, Sox5, p300, XFD-1, AP1, the STAT gene family. FOXD3, and the Smad gene family. In addition, the core promoter elements of two initiators and an atypical TATA box were found around the 5′-RACE products. In the 5′-flanking region of exon If, the binding sites for nuclear extracts suggested that the followings are important: the STAT gene family, a 38-bp conserved region among five species, FOXD3, and the Smad gene family within the region 200 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site.

Our studies show that DGS provides a kilobase resolution for studying genome structure with

high specificity and high genome coverage. DGS can be applied to validate genome assembly, to compare genome similarity and variation in normal populations, and to identify genomic abnormality including insertion, inversion, deletion, translocation, and amplification in pathological genomes such as cancer genomes.”
“Commercially available bromelain is prepared by performing a tedious and costly purification method that yields bromelain at different degrees of purity. In the current study, a gene encoding NSC 136476 stem bromelain from Ananas comosus was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. This bromelain gene was initially cloned into the pENTR/TEV/D-TOPO vector before being sub-cloned into the pDEST17 expression vector. DNA sequencing of the amplified products selleck chemical exhibited a high level of homology to the corresponding gene from the NCBI public database. Protein expression was conducted in the BL21-Al Escherichia coli strain. The recombinant bromelain was then purified in a single step using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, specifically a Ni-NTA spin column. The purified recombinant bromelain was detected by Western blotting. In addition,

the purified enzyme exhibited hydrolytic activity towards gelatin and a synthetic substrate, LNPE. The purified recombinant bromelain exhibited optimum activity at pH 4.6 and 45 degrees C. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“BACKGROUND: Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) exposure is associated with impaired reproductive function. The primary metabolite of EGME is methoxyacetic acid (MAA), a short-chain fatty acid that inhibits historic deacerylase activity and alters gene expression.\n\nOBJECTIVE: Because estrogen signaling is necessary for normal reproductive function and modulates gene expression, the estrogen-signaling pathway is a likely target for MAA; however, GM6001 manufacturer little

is known about the effects of MAA in this regard.\n\nMETHODS: We evaluated the mechanistic effects of MAA on estrogen receptor (ER) expression and estrogen signaling using in vitro and in vivo model systems.\n\nRESULTS: MAA potentiates 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) stimulation of an estrogen-responsive reporter plasmid in HeLa cells transiently transfected with either a human ER alpha or ER beta expression vector containing a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. This result is attributed to increased exogenous ER expression due to MAA-mediated activation of the CMV promoter. In contrast to its effects on exogenous ER, MAA decreases endogenous ER alpha expression and attenuates E(2)-stimulated endogenous gene expression in both MCF-7 cells and the mouse uterus.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: These results illustrate the importance of careful experimental design and analysis when assessing the potential endocrine-disrupting properties of a compound to ensure biological responses are in concordance with in vitro analyses.

Unlike other prokinetic drugs that are utilized in the management of functional dyspepsia, acotiamide shows little/no affinity for serotonin or dopamine D-2 receptors. Acotiamide is the world’s first approved treatment for functional dyspepsia diagnosed by Rome III criteria, with its first approval occurring in Japan. Phase

III trials in this patient population are in preparation in Europe, with phase II trials selleck chemicals completed in the USA and Europe. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of acotiamide, leading to its first approval for use in patients with functional dyspepsia.”
“Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 2-(quinazolin-4-ylthio)thiazole derivatives, which are for optimizing the in vitro and in vivo antiacute myeloid leukemia (AML) activity of a previously identified FLT3 inhibitor 2-(6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-ylthio)thiazole (1), are described. SAR studies centering around the head (thiazole) and tails (6- and 7-positions) of the quinazoline moiety of 1 led to the discovery of a series of compounds that exhibited significantly dincreased potency

against FLT3-driven AML MV4-11 cells. Preliminary in vivo assays were carried out on three highly active compounds, whose results showed that 1-5-[7-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinazolin-4-ylthio]-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl-3-p-tolylurea (20c) had the highest in vivo activity. Further in vitro and in vivo anti-AML studies were then performed on 20c; in an MV4-11 xenograft mouse model, a once-daily dose of 20c at 100 mg/kg for 18 days led to complete tumor regression Selleckchem PCI 32765 without obvious toxicity. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out to illustrate the

mechanism of action of 20c.”
“Coding variants in tumor necrosis factor click here receptor superfamily member 13B (TNFRSF13B) have been implicated in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), but the functional effects of such mutations in relation to the development of the disease have not been entirely established. To examine the potential contribution of TNFRSF13B variants to CVID, we have applied an evolutionary approach by sequencing its coding region in 451 individuals belonging to 26 worldwide populations, in addition to controls, patients with CVID and selective IgA deficiency (IgAD) from Italy. The low level of geographical structure for the observed genetic diversity and the several neutrality tests performed confirm the absence of recent population-specific selective pressures, suggesting that TNFRSF13B may be involved also in innate immune functions, rather than in adaptive immunity only. A slight excess of rare derived alleles was found in patients with CVID, and thus some of these variants may contribute to the disease, implying that CVID probably fits the rare variants rather than the common disease/common variant paradigm.

Sanguinarine-mediated apoptosis was substantially blocked by ectopic expression of selleck compound Bcl-2 and cFLIPs. Additionally, we found that sub-lethal doses of sanguinarine remarkably sensitized breast cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, but the cell death induced by sanguinarine

and TRAIL in combination was not blocked by overexpression of Bcl-2 or Akt. Therefore, combinatory treatment of sanguinarine and TRAIL may overcome the resistance of breast cancer cells due to overexpression of Akt or Bcl-2.”
“Objective:\n\nTo assess the cost effectiveness of varenicline compared with bupropion or unaided cessation for smoking cessation in Finnish adult smokers.\n\nResearch design and methods:\n\nThe BENESCO (BENEfits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes) Markov model was used to follow a hypothetical cohort of smokers making a single quit attempt over a lifetime. Gender and age-specific data on the incidence and prevalence of five smoking-related diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], lung cancer, coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke and asthma exacerbations) were included in the model. Life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total treatment costs and the lifetime cumulative incidence of these parameters were the primary outcomes evaluated, and www.selleckchem.com/products/gm6001.html they were compared for varenicline versus bupropion

and varenicline versus unaided cessation. The primary data were derived from Finnish publications and databases. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the base-case model.\n\nResults:\n\nThe treatment cohort comprised 229 301 smokers making a quit attempt. In the lifetime simulation, use of varenicline prevented 1965 and 5057 additional

cases of smoking-related disease, and 1184 and 3047 deaths attributable to smoking, when compared with bupropion and unaided cessation, respectively. Compared with bupropion and unaided cessation varenicline treatment yielded 4392 and 11 303 additional LYs (4851 and 12 485 QALYs), GSK923295 respectively. Varenicline resulted in cost savings of 15 million and 43 million euros ((sic)) compared with bupropion and unaided cessation, respectively. In the 20-year time horizon analysis, varenicline yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of E8791/QALY and (sic)7791/QALY gained in comparison to bupropion and unaided cessation, respectively. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the base-case results for varenicline.\n\nConclusion:\n\nVarenicline dominated over its comparators, i.e. it was more effective and resulted in cost saving compared with bupropion and unaided cessation.”
“Scope Genetic or nutritional disturbances in folate metabolism lead to hyperhomocysteinemia and adverse reproductive outcomes. Folate-dependent homocysteine remethylation is required for methylation reactions and may influence choline/betaine metabolism.

hMTH1 expression protected these cells from 3-NP and H2O2-induced killing, by counteracting the mutant hit-dependent increased vulnerability and accumulation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA 8-hydroxyguanine levels. hMTH1 expression reverted the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential characteristic of Hdh(Q111) cells and delayed the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species associated with 3-NP treatment. Selleckchem Emricasan Further indications of hMTH1-mediated mitochondrial protection are the partial reversion of 3-NP-induced alterations in mitochondrial morphology and the modulation of DRP1 and MFN1 proteins, which control fusion/fission rates of mitochondria. Finally,

in line with the in vitro findings, upon 3-NP in vivo treatment, 8-hydroxyguanine levels in mitochondrial DNA from heart, muscle and brain are significantly lower in transgenic hMTH1-expressing mice than in wild-type check details animals. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND. MiR-145 is down-regulated in various human cancers. We previously demonstrated

that some actin-binding proteins were targeted by several microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-145, in bladder and prostate cancer (CaP). The aim of this study is to determine a novel oncogenic gene targeted by miR-145 by focusing on actin-binding proteins in CaP.\n\nMETHODS. We focused on the SWAP switching B-cell complex 70 kDa subunit (SWAP70), which is an F-actin binding protein involved in activating B-cell transformation. A luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the actual binding sites between miR-145 and SWAP70 mRNA. Cell viability was evaluated by cell proliferation, wound healing, and matrigel invasion assays in si-SWAP70 transfectants. A total of 75 clinical prostate specimens were subjected to immunohistochemistry of SWAP70.\n\nRESULTS. AMN-107 cost Molecular target searches of this miRNA and the luciferase reporter assay showed that SWAP70 was directly regulated by miR-145. Silencing of SWAP70 studies demonstrated

significant inhibitions of cell migration and invasion in CaP cell lines. The SWAP70 positive-staining was significantly higher in percentage in the CaP than in benign prostate hyperplasia tissue.\n\nCONCLUSIONS. Down-regulation of miR-145 was a frequent event in CaP, and it may have a tumor suppressive function. SWAP70 may be a target of miR-145, and it might have a potential oncogenic function. The novel molecular networks though which miR-145 acts, may provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of CaP. Prostate 71: 1559-1567, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“An increasing number of studies have documented that sublethal pesticide exposure can change predator-prey interactions. Most of these studies have focused on effects of long-term pesticide exposure on only one type of antipredator traits and have not directly linked changes in these traits to mortality by predation.