This virulence profile is due to a 426 bp deletion in the 39 end of the gacS gene encoding an essential regulatory protein. The absence of GacS disturbs the Gac/Rsm pathway leading to depletion of the small regulatory RNAs RsmY/RsmZ and, in consequence, to expression of T3SS, while switching off the expression of H1-T6SS and Pel polysaccharides. The

CHA isolate also exhibits full ability to swim and twitch, due to active flagellum and Type IVa pili. Thus, unlike the classical scheme of balance between virulence factors, clinical strains may adapt to a local niche by expressing both alginate exopolysaccharide, a hallmark of membrane stress that protects from antibiotic action, check details host defences and phagocytosis, and efficient T3S machinery that is considered as an aggressive virulence factor.”
“Human brucellosis is a protean disease with a diversity of clinical signs and symptoms resulting from infection with Brucella species. Recent reports suggest a cross-regulation between adrenal steroids (cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) and the immune system. Monocytes and macrophages are the main replication Vactosertib research buy niche for Brucella. Therefore, we investigated the role of adrenal hormones on the modulation of the immune response

mediated by macrophages in B. abortus infection. Cortisol treatment during B. abortus infection significantly inhibits cytokine, chemokine, and MMP-9 secretion. In contrast, DHEA treatment had no effect. However, DHEA treatment increases the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD86), the adhesion molecule CD54, and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II expression on the surface of B. abortus-infected monocytes. It is known that B. abortus infection inhibits MHC-I and MHC-II expression induced by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) treatment. DHEA reverses B. abortus downmodulation of the

MHC-I and -II expression induced by IFN-gamma. Taken together, our data indicate that DHEA immune intervention may positively affect monocyte activity during B. abortus infection.”
“Background: Manual microscopy is the BEZ235 current reference method for white blood cell (WBC) differential counts. However, manual counts are time and labor intensive, difficult in patients with low WBC counts, and can misclassify cells having difficult morphology. We investigated an 8-color, single-tube, lyse no-wash flow cytometric method to perform an extended 8-part differential as a potential replacement reference method for WBC differential enumeration.\n\nMethods: Whole blood was stained using a panel of antibodies including CD45APC-Cy7, CD16+CD19FITC, CD33+CD64PE-Cy5, CD123PE, HLA-DRPE-Cy7, CD34+CD117APC, and CD38A594 with the membrane permeant DNA binding dye Hoechst 34580 to generate an 8-part differential (lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, immature granulocytes, blasts, and nucleated RBCs) using TruCount beads to generate absolute counts for all populations.

oxysporum. The lowest inhibition percentages with the same mentioned concentrations were recorded with A. solani. The highest inhibition percentage was recorded with (10 and 20%) methanolic neem seed extract of R. solani. The lowest inhibition

percentage was recorded with S. sclerotiorum. www.selleckchem.com/products/gant61.html The inhibition percentage of tested fungi increased by increasing neem leaf and seed extract by different rates. Also, neem seed organic extracts had higher inhibition percentage than that of neem leaf organic extracts. HPLC chromatogram of neem organic extract showed that nimonol (82%) is the major active component of neem organic extract.”
“The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of steam-heat treatment on the decay

resistance of Chinese white poplar and Chinese fir wood against the wood-rotting fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.:Fr.) Murrill. The Chinese white poplar and Chinese fir specimens were obtained from Shandong and Hunan provinces, respectively. They were steam-heat-treated at 170, 185, 200, 215, or 230 degrees C with time duration of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hrs in an air-tight chamber that comprised less than 2 per cent oxygen. According to the standard GB/T 13942.1-92, the decay resistance experiments were completed with the wood-rotting fungi G. trabeum on an agar block test with 12-week incubation. The results of steam-heat treatment indicated that, compared to a weight loss of 56% for untreated samples, a weight loss of 45% JIB-04 chemical structure decreased to just 2% for Chinese white poplar with an increase in temperature from 170 to 230 degrees C. No weight loss was observed in the steam-heat-treated China-fir heartwood, sapwood, and untreated sapwood specimens, while only a weight loss of 4.739% in untreated China-fir heartwood specimens was found.”
“Protein nanoparticles

such as virus-like particles (VLPs) can be obtained by recombinant protein production of viral capsid proteins and spontaneous self-assembling in cell factories. Contrarily to infective viral particles, JPH203 VLPs lack infective viral genome while retaining important viral properties like cellular tropism and intracellular delivery of internalized molecules. These properties make VLPs promising and fully biocompatible nanovehicles for drug delivery. VLPs of human JC virus (hJCV) VP1 capsid protein produced in Escherichia coli elicit variable hemagglutination properties when incubated at different NaCl concentrations and pH conditions, being optimal at 200 mM NaCl and at pH range between 5.8 and 7.5. In addition, the presence or absence of chaperone DnaK in E. coli cells influence the solubility of recombinant VP1 and the conformational quality of this protein in the VLPs. The hemagglutination ability of hJCV VP1 VLPs contained in E. coli cell extracts can be modulated by buffer composition in the hemagglutination assay. It has been also determined that the production of recombinant hJCV VP1 in E.

The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the benefits

and harms of available interventions for HUS and TTP.\n\nSelection Criteria for Studies: MEDLINE (1966 to June 2006), EMBASE (1980 to June 2006), the Cochrane Central Register, conference proceedings, and reference lists were searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of any intervention for HUS or TTP in patients of all ages selected for inclusion for this systematic review.\n\nInterventions: Trials that compared an intervention with placebo, an intervention with supportive therapy, or one or more different interventions for HUS or TTP.\n\nOutcomes: For TTP trials, failure of remission at 2 weeks or less and at 1 month or longer, all-cause mortality rate, and relapse rate. For HUS trials, all-cause mortality, chronic reduced kidney function, and persistent MEK inhibitor proteinuria or hypertension

at last follow-up.\n\nResults: For TTP in adults, we found 6 RCTs of 331 patients. Two trials compared plasma infusion Proteasome inhibitor with plasma exchange using fresh frozen plasma and showed failure of remission at 2 weeks (2 trials, 140 patients; relative risk, 2.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.41 to 5.84), and all-cause mortality (relative risk, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 3.33) occurred more frequently in the plasma infusion group. Three trials compared plasma exchange using cryosupernatant plasma with plasma exchange using fresh frozen plasma, and a meta-analysis of these trials showed no difference. Seven RCTs in 476 young children with postdiarrheal HUS have been conducted. None of the evaluated interventions (fresh frozen plasma transfusion, heparin with or without urokinase or dipyridamole, Shiga toxin-binding

protein, and steroid) were superior to supportive therapy alone for any outcomes.\n\nLimitations: Limitations of this review include the small number and suboptimal quality of reporting of included trials, possibility of publication bias, small number of participants with atypical HUS, and failure to report results for patients with atypical and typical HUS separately.\n\nConclusions: No additional LXH254 nmr therapy has been shown to increase efficacy over plasma exchange for TTP. No intervention has been shown to be superior to supportive therapy in patients with postdiarrheal HUS.”
“Rief and Hofmann (2009, Nervenarzt 80: 593597) harshly criticise the meta-analysis on the effectiveness of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) by Leichsenring and Rabung (2008, JAMA 300(13):1551-1565). They find fault with the inclusion of naturalistic studies in addition to randomised clinical trials. Furthermore, they criticise the heterogeneity of the treatments included and the disorders studied. They suspect that a number of RCTs of LTPP with negative results for LTPP have been done and not been published.

In the present work, two elicitors (SA and JA) and adsorbents (HP2MGL) were introduced into the Vitis vinifera cell suspension Selleck SNX-5422 culture, and the results indicated that they could work synergistically to improve the production of trans-resveratrol (2666.7 mg L-1). Afterward, 1 mM [1-C-13]-L-phenylalanine (Phe) was added to bioproduce C-13-labeled trans-resveratrol with the C-13 enrichment from 35.7% at day 5 to 20.8% at day 10. Purification of the products by several chromatographic steps was reported, and the C-13 labeling position was verified using C-13 NMR. Our results

indicated that, in this case, the rate limiting step of production was the post-biosynthetic events rather than the biosynthesis in elicited culture.

Furthermore, our results suggested the importance of simultaneous optimization of biosynthetic pathways of metabolites and their post-biosynthetic steps toward achieving commercial plant cell culture. With the help of this technique, we could expect to do industrial scaling-up in a bioreactor to produce high amounts of the non-labeled and C-13-labeled trans-resveratrol in the near future. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Relationships between plant invasion and the soil seed bank in highly diverse fire adapted mediterranean woodlands are poorly understood, yet critical for that ecosystem’s conservation. Within buy Z-DEVD-FMK Ricolinostat the biodiversity hotspot of southwest Australia we investigated the composition and diversity of the Banksia woodland soil seed bank in good condition (GC), medium condition (MC) and poor condition invaded by the South African perennial species Ehrharta calycina (PCe) and Pelorgonium capitatum (PCp). The investigation

assessed three questions: (1) Do soil seed banks of invaded sites have fewer germinants of native species and more germinants of introduced (non-native) species than sites with minimal invasion? (2) Do soil seed banks show shifts in ecological functional types with invasion? (3) Is the soil seed bank of introduced species persistent? Native species germinants, mainly shrubs and perennial herbs, were highest in GC sites and least in poorer condition sites suggesting a reduction in their numbers had occurred over time. Introduced germinants were dominated by perennial and annual grasses, and annual herbs. E. calycina had the greatest seed density (8328 germinants m 2). More introduced than native germinants occurred in the litter. Rapid germination of introduced species (30% in week 1) compared to native species (4% in week 1) provides the capacity for their early dominance. A limited native soil seed bank and dominant persistent introduced soil seed bank represent great challenges for the structural and functional conservation and restoration of woodland ecosystems.

Although the treatment is established, the patient dies after sepsis and failure of vital organs. Clearly, the morbidity associated to this infection, even in diabetic patients, can be minimized if an early diagnosis and effective debridement are done.”
“Background and Purpose: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered to be a clean-contaminated surgical procedure, and all patients are recommended to receive antibiotic prophylaxis before the operation to prevent septic events. The aim of the present study is to prospectively compare two different protocols of antibiotic prophylaxis in PCNL.

Patients and Methods:

Seventy-three patients with preoperative sterile urine were randomized into single-dose

or short-course antibiotic prophylaxis groups. AC220 in vivo Patients in the first group (n=36) were given only a single dose of ceftriaxone during induction of anesthesia, while the second group (n=37) were given an oral third-generation cephalosporin after ceftriaxone until nephrostomy catheter withdrawal. For each patient, urine samples that were taken during initial access into the collecting system, as well as some stone fragments, were sent for culture and sensitivity analysis. Moreover, urine samples of the patients were cultured preceding nephrostomy catheter removal. Occurrence of perioperative infection related events was compared in both groups.

Results: The demographic and treatment-related characteristics of both groups were similar. Peroperative urine

samples revealed bacteriuria in one and two patients for the first and second groups, find more respectively. Fever of >38 degrees C (P=0.52) developed in four (11.1%) patients in the first and six (16.2%) patients in the second group. Positive stone cultures developed in eight patients; of those, three (8.3%) were click here in the first and five (13.5%) were in the second group (P=0.47). The urine sent for culture on the nephrostomy catheter withdrawal day had positive results in three and two patients for the first and second groups (P=0.54).

Conclusion: Both antibiotic prophylaxis methods were similar in terms of preventing septic complications. Therefore, we think that a single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis protocol may be safely recommended to patients undergoing PCNL.”
“Contents The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two extraction methods in combination with two different extenders in bull epididymal sperm collection. Testes from 23 sexually mature Limousine bulls were collected at the abattoir. Epididymal sperm recovery was performed using both the float-up (FL) and the retrograde flushing (RF) technique. Within extraction methods, half testes were processed with a Tris egg yolk extender and half with a Tris egg yolk-free extender. Sperm concentration, motility, viability and morphology were evaluated. Sperm concentration was not significantly different between methods.

Materials and Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement to obtain informed consent from patients. Sixty-four patients (40 men, 24 women; mean age, BIIB057 64 years) who underwent TEVAR were evaluated. The treated diseases included dissection (n = 29), degenerative aneurysm (n = 13), acute traumatic transection (n = 8), pseudoaneurysm (n = 4), penetrating aortic ulcer (n = 6), intramural hematoma (n = 2), and mycotic aneurysm (n

= 2). Bird-beak configuration, defined as the incomplete apposition of the proximal endograft with a wedge-shaped gap between the device and the aortic wall, was assessed with postprocedural CT angiography. The presence and length of the bird-beak configuration were compared with the formation of endoleaks and adverse clinical events.

Results: Endoleaks were detected in 26 (40%) of the 64 patients, including 14 with type Ia endoleak formation, one with type Ib endoleak formation, six with type II endoleak formation (from the left subclavian artery), two with type IIo endoleak formation (from other arteries), and three with type III endoleak formation. Bird-beak configuration

was observed in 28 (44%) of 64 patients and correlated significantly with the risk of developing a type Ia or IIa endoleak (P < .01). Mean bird-beak length was significantly longer (P < .01) in patients with a type Ia or II endoleak

selleck chemical (mean length, 14.3 and 13.9 mm, respectively) than in patients without endoleaks (mean length, MK-4827 nmr 8.4 mm). Adverse events included early aortic-related death in three patients, additional treatment for endoleak in eight patients, and stent-graft collapse or infolding in six patients.

Conclusion: Detection of bird-beak configuration is helpful in the prediction of adverse clinical events after TEVAR. (C) RSNA, 2010″
“Although zinc oxide is a promising material for the fabrication of short wavelength optoelectronic devices, p-type doping is a step that remains challenging for the realization of diodes. Out of equilibrium methods such as ion implantation are expected to dope ZnO successfully provided that the non-radiative defects introduced by implantation can be annealed out. In this study, ZnO substrates are implanted with nitrogen ions, and the extended defects induced by implantation are studied by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after annealing at 900 degrees C. Before annealing, these defects are identified to be dislocation loops lying either in basal planes in high N concentration regions, or in prismatic planes in low N concentration regions, together with linear dislocations. An uniaxial deformation of 0.4% along the c axis, caused by the predominant basal loops, is measured by XRD in the implanted layer.

A 13-year-old girl presented with a history of pelvic pain for 2 months. An ultrasound examination showed a monolateral multicystic, calcific ovarian mass, measuring approximately 6 x 5 cm, arising in the left over and adnexia, suggesting a teratoma. click here An exploratorative laparotomy and ooferectomy were performed. On histopatological examination, various samples from cystic areas had mature tissues from all 3 germ cell layers, including

skin, bone, bronchial structures, and cerebellum. Sections from solid areas showed uniform population of monotonous, rounded cells with indistinct cytoplasm and having perinuclear halo (fried-egg appearance) on a fibrillary, neuropilic background. Microcalcifications as calcospherites were noted in the stroma. Based on the typical morphological features, the cased was diagnosed as mature cystic

teratoma with low-grade oligodendroglioma. To the authors’ knowledge, there are a few reports in the literature of an oligodendroglioma arising in an ovarian teratoma in adults and this presented patient is the first case in childhood.”
“A Dactolisib mouse 53-year-old man presented with fever, 15 kg weight loss, ECOG performance status 0, and 12 x 9.5 cm renal tumor with an associated level II (near level III) tumor thrombus extending into the vena cava. We offered a presurgical targeted therapy to downsize the thrombus and primary tumor, which may reduce the extent of the surgery and operative risk. The patient accepted this approach with administration of sorafenib, resulting in a marked reduction of the primary renal tumor and 43% regression in tumor thrombus. Tumor shrinkage and regression of the thrombus allowed resection of the left kidney. Pathological findings revealed that part of the tumor was necrotic tissue. Two years after initiation of presurgical sorafenib therapy, the patient remains alive without evidence of disease progression. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is a serious coagulopathy S63845 cost with severe thrombocytopenia

(<10,000/mm(3)) that occurs in the presence of an enlarging vascular tumor such as kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA). The natural history and treatment of these lesions remain controversial. The authors report a KHE case and a TA case that presented with KMP, describing their successful pharmacological management with vincristine, ticlopidine, and aspirin.”
“The magnetic properties of the LaFeO3 nanospheres and nanotubes prepared by using the molten salt method have been investigated by magnetization measurements. The zero-field-cooled (ZFC) curve for the LaFeO3 nanospheres exhibits a maximum at 44 K while the ZFC curve for the LaFeO3 nanotubes exhibits two maxima: one, at 48 K, and the other, at 5 K. The maximums at 44 K and 48 K are ascribed to the average blocking temperature of the core moment.

Patterning of the wafer with the He(*) was demonstrated with two methods. First, a mesh was used to protect parts of the wafer making an array of grid lines. Second, a standing wave of lambda=1083 nm light was used to channel and focus the He(*) atoms 17DMAG in vivo into lines separated by lambda/2. The patterns were measured

with an atomic force microscope establishing an edge resolution of 80 nm. Our results are reliable and repeatable.”
“The bovine transferrin gene (TF) is located at 125 cM on bovine chromosome 1 (BTA1); it codes for transferrin, a glycoprotein that is highly conserved in many species and that is responsible for iron transport. The TF gene has been located in several QTL regions, and some transferrin classes have been associated with fat and milk yields. We analyzed by means of allele-specific oligonucleotide real-time LCL161 price PCR the c. 1455A>G SNP in exon 12 of the TF cDNA sequence (accession number U02564), which induces an Asp/Gly substitution at position 469 of the peptide. The c. 1455A>G SNP was assayed in eight

Spanish cattle breeds, as well as in two groups of Holstein-Friesian animals that had the highest and lowest estimated breeding values for milk fat yield. Analysis of the cSNP showed balanced frequencies in all breeds, with a mean of 0.44. Evaluation of a potential association between the cSNP and the groups of Holstein-Friesian animals selected for milk fat yield showed a significant association (P < 0.0006); the G allele was associated with high fat production. Significant differences in genotypic frequencies

between the groups were also detected (P < 0.0028). These results lead us to suggest that the TF gene has an effect on milk fat yield.”
“Objective. The purpose of the present study was to assess the accessory mental foramen using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Study design. A total of 157 patients were enrolled in this investigation. The mental and accessory mental foramina, which show continuity with the mandibular canal, were assessed CT99021 order using axial and cross-sectional, 2-dimensional CBCT images. The sizes of the mental and accessory mental foramina were measured and statistically analyzed. Also, the distance between the mental and accessory mental foramina was measured.

Results. The accessory mental foramen was observed in 7% of patients. There was no significant difference regarding the sizes of the mental foramen between accessory mental foramen presence and absence. Also, the mean distance between the mental and accessory mental foramina was 6.3 mm (SD: 1.5 mm).

Conclusion. The accessory mental foramen, which shows continuity with the mandibular canal, could be observed in 7% of the subjects using CBCT. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107: 289-294)”
“Mariner-like elements are widely present in diverse organisms.

Younger, less educated, nonwhite, and married or cohabitating women had significantly higher rates of unintended pregnancy compared with their counterparts. Rates did not differ between women deployed in the prior 12 months and nondeployed women. The age-standardized rate was 78 per 1,000 women (95% confidence interval 77-79), which is 50% higher than the general U. S. population (52/1,000

women).

CONCLUSION: Unintended pregnancy rates in the military find more are high and have increased in most key subgroups since the 2005 survey. Efforts are needed to help service-women prevent unintended pregnancy, including during deployment. (Obstet Gynecol 2013;121:241-6) DOI: http://10.1097/AOG.0b013e31827c616e”
“OBJECTIVE: To evaluate predictors of mortality in 160 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

DESIGN: One hundred and sixty patients with TBM who had been followed for 11 years in a tertiary referral centre hospital were assessed retrospectively. GDC-0973 manufacturer Features considered as predictors of mortality in TBM were studied by multivariate logistic regression to develop a prognostic rule.

RESULTS: Of 160 patients, 84% were in Stages II and III; 27 (17%) died. In univariate analysis, age, stage, altered sensorium, underlying comorbidities, pulmonary tuberculosis, leukocytosis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/blood glucose < 0.30 and rise in CSF protein were associated with an increased

risk of death. In multivariable analysis, age (OR 4.64, 95%CI 1.03-24.74, P = 0.046), altered sensorium (OR 8.62, 95%CI 1.25-110.0, P = 0.036), underlying comorbidity (OR 9.75, 95%CI 1.58-59.95, P = 0.014) and leukocytosis (OR 9.74, 95%CI 1.67-56.7, P = 0.011) were shown to be the best predictors of mortality in TBM.

CONCLUSIONS: We observed that TBM patients who died were more likely to be older and have altered mental status on admission, underlying comorbidities and leukocytosis than TBM patients who survived. These factors were the most important predictors of mortality from TBM.”
“BACKGROUND: Second-hand tobacco smoke is a serious health hazard.

We tested the fidelity and feasibility of the Smoke-Free Homes (SFH) intervention and 5-Fluoracil purchase looked for preliminary evidence of its effectiveness in imposing smoking restrictions in homes in Pakistan.

METHODS: SFH was piloted and adapted for Pakistan. The adapted SFH intervention was then delivered to primary schoolchildren, community leaders and health professionals in a semi-rural Union Council. We carried out a survey before and after the intervention to assess adult smoking behaviour and restrictions at homes. We also carried out focus group discussions with stakeholders to determine the appropriateness and acceptability of the intervention.

RESULTS: We found the adapted SFH intervention feasible and appropriate in a typical semi-rural setting in Pakistan. The proportion of smoke-free homes increased from 43% (95%CI 37.4-48.2) to 85% (95%CI 80.9-89.

Due to the screening effect the application of singlewall CNTs for the enhancement of energy dissipation is more effective than the application of multiwall CNTs or CNT bundles at the same mass fraction of CNT inclusions. The INCB28060 inhibitor presence of a lossy dielectric (surfactant) coating can significantly increase the absorption cross section of singlewall CNTs. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3516480]“
“A novel fibrous adsorbent that grafts glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) monomer mixture onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers was used for removal of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions by a batch equilibration technique.

The operation parameters investigated included, pH of solution, removal time, graft yield, dye concentration, and reaction temperature. The adsorption rate of MB is much higher on the MAA/GMA-grafted PET fibers than on the ungrafted PET fibers. MB was removed 99% the initial dye concentration at XMU-MP-1 in vivo 10 mg L-1 and 93% at 200 mg L-1 by monomers mixture-grafted PET fibers. Pseudofirst order and pseudosecond order kinetic equations were used to examine the experimental data of different graft yield. It was found that the pseudosecond order kinetic equation described the data

of dye adsorption on fibrous adsorbent very well. The experimental isotherms data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The data was that Freundlich isotherm model fits the data very well for the dyes on the fibers adsorbent. The dye adsorbed was easily desorbed by treating with acetic acid/methanol mixture (50% V/V) at room temperature. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 3034-3042, 2011″
“Mucormycosis is an aggressive and potentially

devastating fungal infection which typically manifests in pulmonary, rhinocerebral, or disseminated forms in patients with hematologic malignancy. Mucormycosis confined to the periodontium is uncommon, and to our knowledge only 6 cases have been reported in the English-language literature. This case report describes a patient with acute leukemia and periodontal mucormycosis. Calcofluor fluorescence microscopy is also proposed as a method for establishing a prompt diagnosis and guiding extent of intraoperative surgical debridement. (Oral Surg Oral MI-503 research buy Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109: e64-e69)”
“Catalysts are widely utilized to promote reactions in liquid and gaseous phases but are rarely encountered in solid state synthesis. Here we use catalytically active (001) ceria buffers to modify the structure of the epitaxial high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7. The modification is achieved by catalytically-assisted synthesis of a previously unknown metastable phase. The new phase, a long-period (3.5 nm) perovskite, intercalates into the YBa2Cu3O7 matrix without negatively affecting the critical temperature of the film.